1942 in the United Kingdom

Events from the year 1942 in the United Kingdom. The year was dominated by the Second World War.

Incumbents Monarch – George VI Prime Minister – Winston Churchill (Coalition)

Events 1 January Sneyd Colliery Disaster: An underground explosion in the North Staffordshire Coalfield kills 55. Book Production War Economy Agreement comes into force. 9–29 January – 1942 Betteshanger miners' strike in the Kent Coalfield. 10 January – World War II: Liverpool Blitz ends with German bombs dropped in the Stanhope Street area of the city, with nine people dying and many more suffering injuries. Among the houses destroyed in the bombing is the former home of Adolf Hitler's half-brother Alois. Four more people die as a result of their injuries the following day. 26 January – World War II: First United States troops for the European theatre arrive in the UK, at Belfast. 29 January – radio programme Desert Island Discs first broadcast on the BBC Forces Programme, presented by Roy Plomley; Austrian-born revue performer Vic Oliver (the Prime Minister's son-in-law) is the first castaway. The programme will still be running 80 years later. January – Mildenhall Treasure discovered by ploughman Gordon Butcher in Suffolk. February–April – Liverpool Chinese seamen strike for improved pay. 7 February – soap rationing introduced. 15 February – World War II: General Arthur Percival's forces surrender to the Japanese in the event known as the Fall of Singapore. 16 February – National Service (No. 2) Act introduces conscription to the Home Guard. 19 February – Clement Attlee is appointed first Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. 25 February – Princess Elizabeth (later Queen Elizabeth II) registers for war service. April – Women's Timber Corps set up. 5 April – World War II: Japanese Navy attacks Colombo in Ceylon (Sri Lanka). Royal Navy Cruisers and are sunk southwest of the island. 9 April – World War II: Japanese Navy launches air raid on Trincomalee in Ceylon (Sri Lanka); Royal Navy aircraft carrier HMS Hermes and Royal Australian Navy destroyer HMAS Vampire are sunk off the island's east coast. 23 April World War II: Exeter becomes the first city bombed as part of the "Baedeker Blitz" in retaliation for the British bombing of Lübeck. Exeter-born William Temple is enthroned as Archbishop of Canterbury (being translated from York) in succession to Cosmo Gordon Lang. 24 April – Barnburgh Main Colliery collapse: 4 killed. 25–27 April – World War II: "Baedeker Blitz" – Bath Blitz: three bombing raids on Bath kill 417; among the buildings destroyed or badly damaged the Assembly Rooms are gutted. 1 May – destroyer sinks after collision with battleship in Arctic waters with 49 fatalities. 5 May–6 November – World War II: Battle of Madagascar; British commander Robert Sturges leads the invasion of Vichy French-held Madagascar. 6 May – The Radio Doctor (Charles Hill) makes his first BBC radio broadcast giving avuncular health care advice. 30 May – World War II: First RAF "thousand bomber raid" sets off to carry out the bombing of Cologne in Germany. 15 June – propaganda film The Next of Kin is commercially released by Ealing Studios. July–August – J. Arthur Rank's Odeon Cinemas purchase UK sites of Paramount Cinemas. July Military scientists begin testing of anthrax as a biological warfare agent on the Scottish island of Gruinard. Total evacuation of Stanford Training Area on Breckland in Norfolk. Canned dried (powdered) eggs from the United States become available to British consumers. 10 July – the patriotic Academy Award-winning drama film Mrs. Miniver, starring Greer Garson, is released in London. 26 July – rationing of sweets and chocolate begins. 11 August – traffic admitted onto the new Waterloo Bridge across the River Thames in London. 19 August – World War II: British and Canadian troops conduct the Dieppe Raid. 25 August – Dunbeath air crash: Prince George, Duke of Kent, brother of George VI, is among 14 killed in a military air crash near Caithness, Scotland. 30 August–2 September – World War II: At the Battle of Alam el Halfa in Egypt, General Montgomery leads the Eighth Army to victory over Field Marshal Rommel's Afrika Korps. September – The Brains Trust first broadcast under this title on BBC Home Service radio. 12 September – World War II: British transport ship RMS Laconia torpedoed and sunk by a German U-boat in the Atlantic, west of Africa, with the loss of around 2,000 lives, mainly Italian prisoners of war. 13 September – World War II: The RAF and the Soviet Air Force bomb oil wells and refining facilities at Ploeşti in Romania causing extensive damage. The RAF carries out its 100th bombing raid on the German city of Bremen. 17 September – Noël Coward's film In Which We Serve premieres. 23 September The British Council of Churches, an ecumenical organisation, is established, as is the Council of Christians and Jews. World War II: British forces capture the capital of Madagascar, Antananarivo. 2 October British cruiser Curaçao collides with troopship off the coast of Donegal and sinks: 338 drown. World War II: Japanese troopship Lisbon Maru sinks following a torpedo attack the previous day by submarine off the coast of China: 829 are killed, mostly British prisoners of war who (unknown to the attacker) are being held on board. 5 October – Oxford Committee for Famine Relief founded. 9 October – the Statute of Westminster Adoption Act passed by the Parliament of Australia formalises Australian autonomy from the U.K. 23 October – World War II: British and Commonwealth forces launch a major attack against German and Italian forces in the Second Battle of El Alamein in Egypt. 25 October – the milk ration is cut to two and a half pints a week. 29 October – a public meeting presided over by the Archbishop of Canterbury and with international political figures in attendance at the Royal Albert Hall in London registers outrage over The Holocaust. 30 October – World War II: British sailors board German submarine U-559 as it sinks in the Mediterranean and retrieve its Enigma machine and codebooks. 31 October – World War II: Canterbury is bombed by the German Luftwaffe, apparently in reprisal for an RAF 1,000 bomber raid on Cologne. 4 November – World War II: Second Battle of El Alamein effectively ends with Erwin Rommel forced to order German forces to retreat this evening in the face of pressure from General Montgomery's Eighth Army. Clearing up operations continue until 11 November. 6 November – the Church of England archbishops announce relaxation of the custom that women should wear hats in church. 8 November – World War II: British and American troops invade French North Africa in Operation Torch. 13 November – World War II: Allied troops recapture Tobruk. 17 November – World War II: Admiral Max Horton takes over from Percy Noble as Commander-in-Chief, Western Approaches, with responsibility for the safety of Atlantic convoys. 1 December – publication of the Beveridge Report into social insurance. It is so popular that people queue overnight to buy it and the government issues a brief threepenny version. 7 December – World War II: British commandos conduct Operation Frankton, a raid on shipping in Bordeaux harbour. 16 December – the Trades Union Congress backs the Beveridge Report. 30 December – British insurance companies attack the Beveridge Report. World War II Maunsell Forts erected in the Thames Estuary. The National Loaf, a fortified wholemeal bread, becomes the only variety available from bakers.

Publications "Flying Officer X" (H. E. Bates)'s short story collection The Greatest People in the World. "BB"'s children's story The Little Grey Men. Enid Blyton's children's story Five on a Treasure Island, first in The Famous Five series. Joyce Carey's novel To Be a Pilgrim. Agatha Christie's novels The Body in the Library (Miss Marple), Five Little Pigs (Hercule Poirot) and The Moving Finger (Miss Marple; US). T. S. Eliot's poem Little Gidding, last of the Four Quartets (in October New English Weekly). Richard Hillary's wartime autobiography The Last Enemy. C. S. Lewis' novel The Screwtape Letters. Alker Tripp's text Town Planning and Road Traffic. Evelyn Waugh's novel Put Out More Flags.

Births

January – April 3 January – John Thaw, English actor (died 2002) 5 January – Jan Leeming, TV presenter and newsreader 8 January Robin Ellis, English actor Stephen Hawking, English cosmologist (died 2018) George Passmore, English artist (Gilbert and George) 19 January – Michael Crawford, English singer and actor 21 January – George Foulkes, Labour MP and peer 31 January – Derek Jarman, English director and writer (died 1994) 1 February – Terry Jones, Welsh actor, writer and director (died 2020) 2 February – Graham Nash, English musician 5 February – Susan Hill, English author 7 February – Gareth Hunt, English actor (died 2007) 10 February – John Clarke, British physicist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 11 February – Charles Harrison, British art historian (died 2009) 12 February – Norma Major, philanthropist and spouse of John Major 15 February – Glyn Johns, English recording engineer 19 February – Howard Stringer, Welsh businessman 22 February – Peter Abbs, English poet and academic (died 2020) 24 February – Paul Jones, singer 27 February – Mike Bailey, British footballer 28 February – Brian Jones, English rock musician (The Rolling Stones) (died 1969) 9 March – John Cale, Welsh composer and musician 13 March – Geoffrey Hayes, English television presenter and actor (died 2018) 14 March – Rita Tushingham, English actress 25 March Richard O'Brien, English actor and writer Kim Woodburn, English television personality (died 2025) 27 March Michael Jackson, English writer about beer and whisky (died 2007) John Sulston, English molecular biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (died 2018) Michael York, English actor 28 March Neil Kinnock, Welsh-born politician Janet Nelson, English historian (died 2024) Mike Newell, British film director 29 March – Julie Goodyear, English actress 1 April Brian Binley, businessman and politician (died 2020) Roderick Floud, historian and academic 5 April – Peter Greenaway, Welsh filmmaker 8 April Roger Chapman, English rock singer (Family, Streetwalkers) Tony Banks, Baron Stratford, Labour Party MP and Minister for Sport (died 2006) 12 April – Bill Bryden, Scottish-born theatre director (died 2022) 16 April – Sir Frank Williams, Formula One team owner (died 2021)Sir Frank Williams, 1942-2021 – F1’s champion-maker remembered 17 April – David Bradley, English actor 19 April David Fanshawe, English composer (died 2010) Alan Price, English musician 20 April – Giles Henderson, English lawyer and academic 28 April – Mike Brearley, cricketer

May – August 4 May – Sandy Bruce-Lockhart, Baron Bruce-Lockhart, politician (died 2008) 8 May Norman Lamont, politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer Terry Neill, Northern Irish footballer and football manager (died 2022) 11 May – Rachel Billington, writer 12 May – Ian Dury, British musician (died 2000) 13 May – Jeff Astle, British footballer (died 2002) 18 May – Nobby Stiles, England footballer (died 2020) 20 May – Lynn Davies, Welsh long jump Olympic championLynn Davies 24 May – Sir Fraser Stoddart, Scottish-born scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (died 2024) 25 May – Brian Davison, rock drummer (died 2008) 29 May – Charlotte Johnson Wahl, artist, mother of Boris Johnson (died 2021)Boris Johnson's mother, Charlotte Johnson Wahl, dies aged 79 2 June – Tony Buzan, popular psychologist (died 2019) 8 June Fred Dinenage, journalist and television presenter Doug Mountjoy, Welsh snooker player (died 2021) 9 June – Ossie Clark, fashion designer (murdered 1996) 10 June – Gordon Burns, television presenter 18 June