This section of the timeline of United States history concerns events from 1790 to 1819.
1790s
1790 – Rhode Island ratifies the Constitution and becomes 13th state 1791 – The Bill of Rights, comprising the first ten amendments to the Constitution, is adopted. 1791 – First Bank of the United States chartered 1791 – Vermont becomes the 14th state (formerly the independent Vermont Republic) 1792 – Kentucky becomes the 15th state (formerly Kentucky County, Virginia) 1792 – 1792 United States presidential election: George Washington reelected president, John Adams reelected vice president 1793 – Eli Whitney invents cotton gin March 4, 1793 – President Washington and Vice President Adams begin second terms 1793 – Yellow fever outbreak in Philadelphia 1793 – Fugitive Slave Act passed 1793 – Chisholm v. Georgia (2 US 419 1793) paves way for passage of 11th Amendment 1794 – Whiskey Rebellion 1794 – Battle of Fallen Timbers 1795 – Treaty of Greenville 1795 – Jay's Treaty 1795 – 11th Amendment "ratified by 12 of the then 15 states" 1795 – Pinckney's Treaty (also called Treaty of San Lorenzo) 1796 – Tennessee becomes the 16th state (formerly part of North Carolina) 1796 – Treaty of Tripoli 1796 – 1796 United States presidential election: John Adams is elected president, Thomas Jefferson vice president
Presidency of John Adams March 4, 1797 – John Adams becomes the second president, in Philadelphia; Thomas Jefferson becomes the second vice president 1798 – Alien and Sedition Acts 1798 – the Quasi-War starts 1798 and 1799 – Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions 1798 – Charles Brockden Brown's novel Wieland published 1799 – Charles Brockden Brown's novel Edgar Huntly published 1799 – Fries's Rebellion 1799 – Logan Act 1799 – George Washington dies
1800s
1800 – Library of Congress founded 1800 – Convention of 1800 ends the Quasi-War 1800 – 1800 United States presidential election: Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr tie in the Electoral College. 1801 – Thomas Jefferson elected president by the House of Representatives; Aaron Burr elected vice president. 1801 – President Adams appoints John Marshall Chief Justice
Presidency of Thomas Jefferson
March 4, 1801 – Jefferson becomes the third president; Burr becomes the third vice president 1803 – Marbury v. Madison (5 US 137 1803) allows Supreme Court to invalidate law passed by the United States Congress for first time: the Judiciary Act of 1789 1803 – Louisiana Purchase 1803 – Ohio, formerly part of Connecticut, becomes the 17th state 1804 – 12th Amendment ratified 1804 – New Jersey abolishes slavery 1804 – Burr–Hamilton duel (Alexander Hamilton dies) 1804 – Lewis and Clark set out 1804 – 1804 United States presidential election: Thomas Jefferson reelected president; George Clinton elected vice president March 4, 1805 – President Jefferson begins second term; Clinton becomes the fourth vice president 1807 – Embargo Act of 1807 1807 – Robert Fulton invents steamboat 1807 – U.S. slave trade with Africa ends 1808 – 1808 United States presidential election: James Madison elected president, George Clinton reelected vice president
Presidency of James Madison March 4, 1809 – Madison becomes the fourth president; Vice President Clinton begins second term 1809 – Non-Intercourse Act (March 1)
1810s
1810 – Fletcher v. Peck (10 US 87 1810) marks first time U.S. Supreme Court invalidates a state legislative act 1811 – First Bank of the United States charter expires April 20, 1812 – Vice President Clinton dies 1812 – War of 1812, an offshoot of the Napoleonic Wars, begins 1812 – Daniel Webster elected to the United States Congress 1812 – Louisiana becomes the 18th state 1812 – 1812 United States presidential election: James Madison reelected president; Elbridge Gerry elected vice president March 4, 1813 – President Madison begins second term; Gerry becomes the fifth vice president 1813-1814 - Creek War 1814 – British troops burn Washington, D.C., but are forced back at Baltimore November 23, 1814 – Vice President Gerry dies 1814 – Treaty of Ghent settles War of 1812 1815 – Battle of New Orleans 1816 – Indiana becomes the 19th state 1816 – Second Bank of the United States chartered 1816 – 1816 United States presidential election: James Monroe elected president, Daniel D. Tompkins vice president
Presidency of James Monroe March 4, 1817 – Monroe becomes the fifth president; Tompkins becomes the sixth vice president 1817 – Rush-Bagot Treaty 1817 – Harvard Law School founded 1817 – Mississippi becomes the 20th state 1818 – Cumberland Road opened 1818 – Illinois becomes the 21st state 1818 – Jackson Purchase in Kentucky 1819 – Panic of 1819 1819 – Adams-Onís Treaty, including acquisition of Florida 1819 – McCulloch v. Maryland (17 US 316 1819) prohibits state laws from infringing upon federal constitutional authority 1819 – Dartmouth College v. Woodward (17 US 518 1819) protects principle of honoring contracts and charters 1819 – Alabama becomes the 22nd state in the U.S.
See also History of the United States (1789–1849) Timeline of the American Revolution
Further reading
1790s Phillips, James Duncan. When Salem sailed the seven seas—in the 1790s. New York, Newcomen Society of England, American Branch, 1946. Flexner, James Thomas. "The scope of painting in the 1790s." Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, January 1950. Arena, C. Richard. "Philadelphia-Spanish New Orleans trade in the 1790s." Louisiana History, v.2, no.4, 1961. Allis, Frederick S. Government through opposition; party politics in the 1790s. New York, Macmillan, 1963. Kuehl, John William. A Federalist journal looks at France : a case study of emerging nationalism in the 1790s (thesis/dissertation). 1964. Howe, John R. Jr. "Republican Thought and the Political Violence of the 1790s." American Quarterly, Vol. 19, No. 2, Part 1 (Summer, 1967), pp. 147–165. Shapiro, Eugene Paul. Robert Hunter and the land system of colonial New York : education in Massachusetts in the 1790s : the Middlekauff-Birdsall interpretation reconsidered (thesis/dissertation). 1972. Sneddon, Leonard James. State politics in the 1790s (thesis/dissertation). 1972. Fussell, G.E. "An Englishman in America in the 1790s." Agricultural History, Vol. 47, No. 2 (Apr., 1973), pp. 114–118. Wrenn, James W. The politics of Monticello : psychosocial studies of Thomas Jefferson and the political conflict of the 1790s (thesis/dissertation). 1973. Arbuckle, Robert D. "John Nicholson and the attempt to promote Pennsylvania industry in the 1790s." Pennsylvania History, Vol. 42, No. 2 (April, 1975), pp. 98–114 Herndon, G. Melvin. "Agriculture in America in the 1790s: An Englishman's View." Agricultural History, Vol. 49, No. 3 (Jul., 1975), pp. 505–516 Soltow, Lee. "Socioeconomic Classes in South Carolina and Massachusetts in the 1790s and the Observations of John Drayton." South Carolina Historical Magazine, Vol. 81, No. 4 (Oct., 1980), pp. 283–305. Hebert. The Pennsylvania French in the 1790s : the story of their survival (thesis/dissertation). 1981. Formisano, Ronald P. The transformation of political culture : Massachusetts parties, 1790s–1840s. New York : Oxford University Press, 1983. Appleby, Joyce Oldham. Capitalism and a new social order : the Republican vision of the 1790s. New York : New York University Press, 1984. Hebert, Catherine A. A survey of the French book trade in Philadelphia in the 1790s. New Kensington, Penn. : Pennsylvania State University, 1985? Welsh, Frank S. 30 Washington Street, ca. 1790s, Easton, Maryland : comparative microscopic paint & color analysis of the interior and exterior to determine the nature and color of the original architectural surface coatings. Bryn Mawr, Pa. : Talbot County Historical Society, 1985 Hall, John A. "That Onerous Task: Jury Service in South Carolina during the Early 1790s." South Carolina Historical Magazine, Vol. 87, No. 1 (Jan., 1986), pp. 1–13. Trupiano, Terri. Charlton Park cook book : historic recipes 1790s-1930s. Hasting, Mich. : Charlton Park Village & Museum, 1986? Ottenberg, June C. "Popularity of Two Operas in Philadelphia in the 1790s ." International Review of the Aesthetics and Sociology of Music, Vol. 18, No. 2 (Dec. 1987), pp. 205–216. Watts, Steven. The Republic Reborn: War and the Making of Liberal America, 1790–1820 (Baltimore, 1987) Anderson, Wilby F. The Andersons family history : first to Ross County, Ohio in late 1790s. Clearwater, Fla. : W.F. Anderson, 1989. Worman, Edward A. "The 1790s French Azilum in Pennsylvania." Pennsylvania Magazine, vol. 9, no. 2, April 1989. Newman, Simon Peter. "Principles and not men" : the political culture of leadership in the 1790s. Philadelphia Center for Early American Studies, 1990. Branson, Susan. Politics and gender : the political consciousness of Philadelphia women in the 1790s (thesis/dissertation). 1992. Branson, Susan. The influence of black refugees from St. Domingue on the Philadelphia Community in the 1790s. Paper presented at the 24th Annual Conference of the Association of Caribbean Historians, Nassau, Bahamas, March 29 – April 3, 1992. Spaeth, Catherine Therese Christians. Purgatory or promised land? : French emigres in Philadelphia and their perceptions of America during the 1790s (thesis/dissertation). 1992. Taylor, Alan. "The Art of Hook & Snivey": Political Culture in Upstate New York during the 1790s." The Journal of American History, Vol. 79, No. 4 (Mar., 1993), pp. 1371–1396. Thorn, Jennifer J. Every family a state : achieving human nature in 1790s Anglo-American culture (thesis/dissertation). 1994. Amberg, Julie Sutherland. Political and sentimental discourse in 1790s America : Judith Sargent Murray's The Gleaner, Hannah Webster Foster's The Coquette, and Susanna Haswell Rowson's Reuben and Rachel; or, Tales of Old Times (thesis/dissertation). 1995. Kornfeld, Eve. "Encountering "the Other": American Intellectuals and Indians in the 1790s." William and Mary Quarterly, Third Series, Vol. 52, No. 2 (Apr., 1995), pp. 287–314 Rossignol, Marie-Jeanne. "Early Isolationism Revisited: Neutrality and Beyond in the 1790s." Journal of American Studies, 29 (1995), 2, 215–227. Haley, Jacquetta M. Rockland County in the 1790s. New City, NY : Historical Society of Rockland County, 1997. Schoenbachler, Matthew. "Republicanism in the Age of Democratic Revolution: The Democratic-Republican Societies of the 1790s." Journal of the Early Republic, Vol. 18, No. 2 (Summer, 1998), pp. 237–261. Bowling, Kenneth R. and Donald R. Kennon, eds. Neither separate nor equal : Congress in the 1790s. Athens : Ohio University Press, 2000. Labelle, Jean. Melancholy convictions : the unsure state of union in the state of Massachusetts from the late 1790s to 1816 (thesis/dissertation). 2000. Branson, Susan. "Elizabeth Drinker: Quaker Values and Federalist Support in the 1790s." Pennsylvania History, Vol. 68, No. 4, The World of Elizabeth Drinker: Celebrating the Tenth Anniversary of the Publication of Her Diary (Autumn 2001), pp. 465–482
Finkelman, Paul. "Suppressing American Slave Traders in the 1790s." OAH Magazine of History, Vol. 18, No. 3, The Atlantic World (Apr., 2004), pp. 51–55.
Lewis, Paul. "Attaining Masculinity: Charles Brockden Brown and Woman Warriors of the 1790s." Early American Literature, Vol. 40, No. 1 (2005), pp. 37–55
Irwin, Douglas A. and Richard Eugene Sylla, eds. Founding choices : American economic policy in the 1790s. Chicago; London : University of Chicago Press, 2011. Papers of the National Bureau of Economic Research conference held at Dartmouth College on May 8–9, 2009.
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