The 19th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1825, to March 4, 1827, during the first two years of John Quincy Adams's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1820 United States census. The Senate had a majority of Jackson Men, while the House had an Anti-Jackson (pro-Adams) majority.
Major events
March 4, 1825: John Quincy Adams inaugurated as President of the United States October 26, 1825: The Erie Canal opened, providing passage from Albany, New York, to Buffalo and Lake Erie. July 4, 1826: Both Thomas Jefferson and John Adams died on the 50th Anniversary of America's Independence
Major legislation
Atlantic–Gulf of Mexico Canal Survey Act (1826) School Lands Act of 1826
Treaties signed November 7, 1825: Treaty of St. Louis: 1,400 Missouri Shawnees were forcibly relocated from Missouri to Kansas January 24, 1826: Treaty of Washington between the United States government and the Creek National Council, in which they ceded much of their land in Georgia
Party summary The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
Senate
House of Representatives
Leadership
Senate President: John C. Calhoun (J) President pro tempore: John Gaillard (J), until December 4, 1825 Nathaniel Macon (J), from May 20, 1826
House of Representatives Speaker: John W. Taylor (A)
Members This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class and representatives are listed by district.
(J) following a name means the member was of the Jackson faction. (A) that the person was a member of the Adams (anti-Jackson) faction.
Skip to House of Representatives, below
Senate
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 1826/1827; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1828/1829; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, facing re-election in 1830/1831.
Alabama 2. William R. D. King (J) 3. Henry H. Chambers (J), until January 24, 1826 Israel Pickens (J), February 17, 1826 – November 27, 1826 John McKinley (J), from November 27, 1826
Connecticut 1. Henry W. Edwards (J) 3. Calvin Willey (A), from May 4, 1825
Delaware 1. Thomas Clayton (A) 2. Nicholas Van Dyke (A), until May 21, 1826 Daniel Rodney (A), November 8, 1826 – January 12, 1827 Henry M. Ridgely (J), from January 23, 1827
Georgia 2. Thomas W. Cobb (J) 3. John Macpherson Berrien (J)
Illinois 2. Jesse B. Thomas (A) 3. Elias K. Kane (J)
Indiana 1. James Noble (A) 3. William Hendricks (A)
Kentucky 2. Richard M. Johnson (J) 3. John Rowan (J)
Louisiana 2. Dominique J. Bouligny (A) 3. Josiah S. Johnston (A)
Maine 1. John Holmes (A) 2. John Chandler (J)
Maryland 1. Samuel Smith (J) 3. Edward Lloyd (J), until January 14, 1826 Ezekiel F. Chambers (A), from January 24, 1826
Massachusetts 1. Elijah H. Mills (A) 2. James Lloyd (A), until May 23, 1826 Nathaniel Silsbee (A), from May 31, 1826
Mississippi 1. David Holmes (J), until September 25, 1825 Powhatan Ellis (J), September 28, 1825 – January 28, 1826 Thomas B. Reed (J), from January 28, 1826 2. Thomas H. Williams (J)
Missouri 1. Thomas H. Benton (J) 3. David Barton (A)
New Hampshire 2. Samuel Bell (A) 3. Levi Woodbury (J), from March 16, 1825
New Jersey 1. Joseph McIlvaine (A), until August 19, 1826 Ephraim Bateman (A), from November 10, 1826 2. Mahlon Dickerson (J)
New York 1. Martin Van Buren (J) 3. Nathan Sanford (A), from January 14, 1826
North Carolina 2. John Branch (J) 3. Nathaniel Macon (J)
Ohio 1. Benjamin Ruggles (A) 3. William Henry Harrison (A)
Pennsylvania 1. William Findlay (J) 3. William Marks (A)
Rhode Island 1. James DeWolf (A), until October 31, 1825 Asher Robbins (A), from October 31, 1825 2. Nehemiah R. Knight (A)
South Carolina 2. Robert Y. Hayne (J) 3. John Gaillard (J), until February 26, 1826 William Harper (J), March 8, 1826 – November 29, 1826 William Smith (J), from November 29, 1826
Tennessee 1. John H. Eaton (J) 2. Andrew Jackson (J), until October 14, 1825 Hugh Lawson White (J), from October 28, 1825
Vermont 1. Horatio Seymour (A) 3. Dudley Chase (A)
Virginia 1. James Barbour (J), until March 7, 1825 John Randolph (J), from December 26, 1825 2. Littleton W. Tazewell (J)
House of Representatives
Alabama . Gabriel Moore (J) . John McKee (J) . George W. Owen (J)
Connecticut All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket. . John Baldwin (A) . Noyes Barber (A) . Ralph I. Ingersoll (A) . Orange Merwin (A) . Elisha Phelps (A) . Gideon Tomlinson (A)
Delaware . Louis McLane (J)
Georgia All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket. . George Cary (J) . Alfred Cuthbert (J) . John Forsyth (J) . Charles E. Haynes (J) . James Meriwether (J) . Edward F. Tattnall (J) . Wiley Thompson (J)
Illinois . Daniel P. Cook (A)
Indiana . Ratliff Boon (J) . Jonathan Jennings (A) . John Test (A)
Kentucky . David Trimble (A) . Thomas Metcalfe (A) . Henry Clay (A), until March 6, 1825 James Clark (A), from August 1, 1825 . Robert P. Letcher (A) . James Johnson (J), until August 13, 1826 Robert L. McHatton (J), from December 7, 1826 . Joseph Lecompte (J) . Thomas P. Moore (J) . Richard A. Buckner (A) . Charles A. Wickliffe (J) . Francis Johnson (A) . William S. Young (A) . Robert P. Henry (J), until August 25, 1826 John F. Henry (A), from December 11, 1826
Louisiana . Edward Livingston (J) . Henry H. Gurley (A) . William L. Brent (A)
Maine . William Burleigh (A) . John Anderson (J) . Ebenezer Herrick (A) . Peleg Sprague (A) . Enoch Lincoln (A), until 1826 (before September 11, 1826, ) James W. Ripley (J), from September 11, 1826 . Jeremiah O'Brien (A) . David Kidder (A)
Maryland The 5th district was a plural district with two representatives. . Clement Dorsey (A) . Joseph Kent (A), until January 6, 1826 John C. Weems (J), from February 1, 1826 . George Peter (J) . Thomas C. Worthington (A) . John Barney (A) . Peter Little (A) . George E. Mitchell (J) . John L. Kerr (A) . Robert N. Martin (A)
Massachusetts . Daniel Webster (A) . Benjamin W. Crowninshield (A) . John Varnum (A) . Edward Everett (A) . John Davis (A) . John Locke (A) . Samuel C. Allen (A) . Samuel Lathrop (A) . Henry W. Dwight (A) . John Bailey (A) . Aaron Hobart (A) . Francis Baylies (J) . John Reed Jr. (A)
Mississippi . Christopher Rankin (J), until March 14, 1826 William Haile (J), from July 10, 1826
Missouri . John Scott (A)
New Hampshire All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket. . Ichabod Bartlett (A) . Titus Brown (A) . Nehemiah Eastman (A) . Jonathan Harvey (J) . Joseph Healy (A) . Thomas Whipple Jr. (A)
New Jersey All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket. . George Cassedy (J) . Lewis Condict (A) . Daniel Garrison (J) . George Holcombe (J) . Samuel Swan (A) . Ebenezer Tucker (A)
New York There were three plural districts: the 20th & 26th had two representatives each, the 3rd had three representatives. . Silas Wood (A) . Joshua Sands (A) . Churchill C. Cambreleng (J) . Jeromus Johnson (J) . Gulian C. Verplanck (J) . Aaron Ward (A) . Bartow White (A) . John Hallock Jr. (J) . Abraham B. Hasbrouck (A) . James Strong (A) . William McManus (A) . Stephen Van Rensselaer (A) . Henry Ashley (J) . William Dietz (J) . William G. Angel (J) . Henry R. Storrs (A) . Michael Hoffman (J) . Henry Markell (A) . John W. Taylor (A) . Henry C. Martindale (A) . Henry H. Ross (A) . Nicoll Fosdick (A) . Egbert Ten Eyck (J), until December 15, 1825 Daniel Hugunin Jr. (A), from December 15, 1825 . Elias Whitmore (A) . John Miller (A) . Luther Badger (A) . Charles Kellogg (J) . Charles Humphrey (A) . Dudley Marvin (A) . Robert S. Rose (A) . Moses Hayden (A) . Timothy H. Porter (A) . Parmenio Adams (A) . Daniel G. Garnsey (A)
North Carolina . Lemuel Sawyer (J) . Willis Alston (J) . Richard Hines (J) . John Heritage Bryan (J) . Gabriel Holmes (J) . Weldon N. Edwards (J) . Archibald McNeill (J) . Willie P. Mangum (J), until March 18, 1826 Daniel L. Barringer (J), from December 4, 1826 . Romulus M. Saunders (J) . John Long (A) . Henry W. Connor (J) . Samuel P. Carson (J) . Lewis Williams (A)
Ohio . James Findlay (J) . John Woods (A) . William McLean (A) . Joseph Vance (A) . John W. Campbell (A) . John Thomson (J) . Samuel F. Vinton (A) . William Wilson (A) . Philemon Beecher (A) . David Jennings (A), until May 25, 1826 Thomas Shannon (A), from December 4, 1826 . John C. Wright (A) . John Sloane (A) . Elisha Whittlesey (A) . Mordecai Bartley (A)
Pennsylvania There were six plural districts: the 7th, 8th, 11th & 16th had two representatives each, the 4th & 9th had three representatives each. . John Wurts (J) . Joseph Hemphill (J), until 1826 (before October 10, 1826 — ) Thomas Kittera (A), from October 10, 1826 . Daniel H. Miller (J) . James Buchanan (J) . Samuel Edwards (J) . Charles Miner (A) . Philip S. Markley (A) . Robert Harris (J) . William Addams (J) . Henry Wilson (J), until August 14, 1826 Jacob Krebs (J), from December 4, 1826 . Samuel D. Ingham (J) . George Wolf (J) . George Kremer (J) . Samuel McKean (J) . Espy Van Horne (J) . James S. Mitchell (J) . John Findlay (J) . James Wilson (A) . John Mitchell (J) . Alexander Thomson (J), until May 1, 1826 Chauncey Forward (J), from December 4, 1826 . Andrew Stewart (J) . Joseph Lawrence (A) . James Allison Jr. (J), until August 26, 1825 (before the assembling of Congress) Robert Orr Jr. (J), from October 11, 1825 . James S. Stevenson (J) . George Plumer (J) . Patrick Farrelly (J), until January 12, 1826 Thomas H. Sill (A), from March 14, 1826
Rhode Island Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket. . Tristam Burges (A) . Dutee J. Pearce (A)
South Carolina . Joel R. Poinsett (J), until March 7, 1825 William Drayton (J), from May 17, 1825 . James Hamilton Jr. (J) . Thomas R. Mitchell (J) . Andrew R. Govan (J) . George McDuffie (J) . John Wilson (J) . Joseph Gist (J) . John Carter (J) . Starling Tucker (J)
Tennessee . John Blair (J) . John Cocke (J) . James C. Mitchell (J) . Jacob C. Isacks (J) . Robert Allen (J) . James K. Polk (J) . Samuel Houston (J) . John H. Marable (J) . Adam R. Alexander (J)
Vermont . William C. Bradley (A) . Rollin C. Mallary (A) . George E. Wales (A) . Ezra Meech (J) . John Mattocks (A)
Virginia . Thomas Newton Jr. (A) . James Trezvant (J) . William S. Archer (J) . Mark Alexander (J) . John Randolph (J), until December 26, 1825 George W. Crump (J), from January 21, 1826 . Thomas Davenport (J) . Nathaniel H. Claiborne (J) . Burwell Bassett (J) . Andrew Stevenson (J) . William C. Rives (J) . Robert Taylor (A) . Robert S. Garnett (J) . John Taliaferro (A) . Charles F. Mercer (A) . John S. Barbour (J) . William Armstrong (A) . Alfred H. Powell (A) . Joseph Johnson (J) . William McCoy (J) . John Floyd (J) . William Smith (J) . Benjamin Estil (A)
Non-voting members . Henry W. Conway . Joseph M. White . Austin E. Wing
Changes in membership