The men's 100 metres was a track and field athletics event held as part of the Athletics at the 1912 Summer Olympics programme. It was the fifth appearance of the event, which is one of 12 athletics events to have been held at every Summer Olympics. The competition was held on 6 July 1912 and on 7 July 1912. Seventy runners from 22 nations competed. NOCs could enter up to 12 athletes.Official report, p. 61. The event was won by Ralph Craig of the United States, as the Americans swept the medals for a second time (previously having done so in 1904).
Background
This was the fifth time the event was held, having appeared at every Olympics since the first in 1896. None of the 1908 medalists returned in 1912. Notable entrants included Erwin Kern, Emil Ketterer, and Richard Rau of Germany, who shared the unofficial world record; George Patching of South Africa, the 1912 AAA Championships winner; and United States Olympic Trials winners Ira Courtney, Clement Wilson, and Howard Drew.
Chile (disputed, as Luis Subercaseaux may have run in 1896), Iceland, Japan, Portugal, Russia, and Serbia were represented in the event for the first time. "Australasia" also appeared for the first time, though Australia had previously competed. The United States and Hungary were the only two nations to have appeared at each of the first five Olympic men's 100 metres events.
Competition format
The event maintained the three round format from 1908: heats, semifinals, and a final. This time, however, the top two runners in each of the 17 heats advanced to the semifinals.
These 34 semifinalists (actually 33, as the first heat had only one runner compete) were divided into six semifinal heats, with only the winner in each semifinal advancing to the final.
Records
These were the standing world and Olympic records (in seconds) prior to the 1912 Summer Olympics.
World Record 10.5(*) Emil Ketterer Karlsruhe (GER) July 9, 1911 10.5(*) Richard Rau Braunschweig (GER) August 13, 1911 10.5(*) Richard Rau Munich (GER) May 12, 1912 10.5(*) Erwin Kern Munich (GER) May 26, 1912 Olympic Record 10.8 Frank Jarvis Paris (FRA) July 14, 1900 10.8 Walter Tewksbury Paris (FRA) July 14, 1900 10.8 James Rector London (GBR) July 20, 1908 10.8(**) Reggie Walker London (GBR) July 21, 1908 10.8 James Rector London (GBR) July 21, 1908 10.8 Reggie Walker London (GBR) July 22, 1908
(*) unofficial
(**) Actual time was 10.7, rounded up to the nearest fifth in accordance with rules in force at the time: this time was thus given as 10.
The Olympic record for the 100 metres coming into 1912 was 10.8 seconds. It was matched by David Jacobs of Great Britain in the 10th heat before being broken by American Donald Lippincott with 10.6 seconds in the 16th heat. This was also the inaugural official world record in the 100 metres. Three semifinalists (including Lippincott) ran the race in 10.7 seconds, but the new record of 10.6 seconds stood for the rest of the event.
Results
Heats
All heats were held on Saturday, July 6, 1912.
Heat 1
Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes1 Charles Luther 12.8
Heat 2
Möller and Szalay were close at 70 metres; "Möller was stronger in the finish, however, and won by something more than half a metre."Official Report, p. 350.
Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes1 Ivan Möller 11.5 2 Pál Szalay 3 Rudolf Rauch
Heat 3
There was much separation at the top of this heat; Courtney "won without being extended" and Jankovich "was a very easy second."
Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes1 Ira Courtney 11.2 2 István Jankovich 3 Pierre Failliot 4 Henry Blakeney 5 Ladislav Jiránek-Strana 6 Pablo Eitel
Heat 4
With both runners assured of advancement to the semifinals, they "ran the course very quietly" with Rice "breaking the tape easily ahead of" Smedmark.
Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes1 Richard Rice 11.4 2 Rolf Smedmark
Heat 5
This was a close race between the top two placers, with d'Arcy "shak[ing] off" Povey at the end and winning "by a metre."
Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes1 Victor d'Arcy 11.2 2 Reuben Povey 3 António Stromp
Heat 6
Rau started strongly and led throughout.Official Report, p. 351.
Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes1 Richard Rau 11.5 2 Vilmos Rácz 3 Ture Person 4 Robert Schurrer 5 Dimitrios Triantafyllakos 6 Leopolds Lēvenšteins
Heat 7
In one of the faster heats, Stewart finished "well in front of [Aelter], who also ran very well."
Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes1 William Stewart 11.0 2 Léon Aelter 3 Charles Lelong 4 Jan Grijseels 5 Richard Schwarz
Heat 8
Lindberg won the heat "easily."
Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes1 Knut Lindberg 11.6 2 Bedřich Vygoda 11.6 3 Dušan Milošević 11.6 4 Jón Halldórsson 12.1
Heat 9
Meyer "won without any apparent effort," as Giongo "ran well, although he was not the same class as the American."
Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes1 Alvah Meyer 11.6 2 Franco Giongo 3 Robert Duncan 4 Georges Rolot
Heat 10
Jacobs matched the Olympic record in a tight heat, neck-and-neck with Wilson for most of the way before winning by "a hands-breadth."
Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes1 David Jacobs 10.8 , =2 Clement Wilson 3 Marius Delaby 4 Herman Sotaaen 5 Václav Labík-Gregan
Heat 11
Belote was "a safe winner, after a very quick finish."
Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes1 Frank Belote 11.0 2 René Mourlon 3 Henry Macintosh 4 Harry Beasley
Heat 12
Weinzinger had a good start and led at 25 metres before falling to third. Gerhardt "was clearly the best man."
Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes1 Peter Gerhardt 11.2 2 Frank Lukeman 3 Fritz Weinzinger 4 Alexander Pedersen 5 Duncan Macmillan
Heat 13
Patching had a false start. The top three men were close, with Patching leading at 85 metres but Howard taking the lead at the end by "the least bit."
Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes1 John Howard 11.0 2 George Patching 3 Harold Heiland 4 Pavel Shtiglits — Emil Ketterer
Heat 14
McConnell led early but faltered at the end; Thomas passed him for the second qualifying spot "just before reaching the post."
Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes1 Arthur Anderson 11.0 2 Rupert Thomas 3 Frank McConnell 4 Skotte Jacobsson
Heat 15
There was a false start. Drew "won easily" with Kern "a pretty good distance behind."Official Report, pp. 351–52.
Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes1 Howard Drew 11.0 2 Erwin Kern 3 Julien Boullery — James Barker
Heat 16
There were two false starts in this heat before, on the third try, Lippincott set a new Olympic record and the first official world record. He "led from start to finish, and gave the impression that he would be an easy winner, but Applegarth came on very quickly in the last 20 metres, and Lippincott had to do his very best in order to keep the lead."Official Report, p. 352.
Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes1 Donald Lippincott 10.6 , 2 Willie Applegarth 3 Max Herrmann 4 Ervin Szerelemhegyi 5 Yahiko Mishima
Heat 17
Ekberg started well and led through halfway before being passed by Craig and Szobota at around 60 metres. Craig then "won easily" over Szobota.
Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes1 Ralph Craig 11.2 2 Ferenc Szobota 3 Ragnar Ekberg 4 Fritz Fleischer
Semifinals
All semi-finals were held on Saturday, July 6, 1912.
Semifinal 1
Drew "ran magnificently" and used a "powerful, concentrated finish" to become "a safe winner."
Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes1 Howard Drew 11.0 2 Ira Courtney 3 Peter Gerhardt 4 Charles Luther 5 Erwin Kern 6 Vilmos Rácz
Semifinal 2
Patching had another false start in this round. Lindberg fell behind early, dropping to fourth place at the halfway mark, but challenged Patching with a "hard spurt" at the end. The distance between the two was too much for him to make up, however.
Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes1 George Patching 10.9 2 Knut Lindberg 3 Richard Rice 4 Franco Giongo 5 Léon Aelter
Semifinal 3
In an event marred by false starts, this semifinal heat was decided by a legal start that one runner thought false. Smedmark was off first, but came to a stop thinking he had false started. The remaining runners saw a "hard struggle between Meyer and Jacobs" with Meyer "strongest in the last 10 metres" to win.Official Report, pp. 352–53.
Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes1 Alvah Meyer 10.7 2 David Jacobs 3 Frank Lukeman 4 Pál Szalay — Rolf Smedmark
Semifinal 4
This semifinal heat featured 9 false starts. Rau led for the first 70 metres before being caught by Craig, who "won by more than a metre."Official Report, p. 353.
Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes1 Ralph Craig 10.7 2 Richard Rau 10.9 3 William Stewart 4 István Jankovich 5 René Mourlon 6 Ferenc Szobota
Semifinal 5
This heat had a "sharp struggle for the lead during the whole of the race."
Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes1 Donald Lippincott 10.7 2 Willie Applegarth 3 Bedřich Vygoda 4 Clement Wilson 5 Victor d'Arcy 6 John Howard
Semifinal 6
Belote led throughout.
Rank Athlete Nation Time Notes1 Frank Belote 11.1 2 Reuben Povey 3 Rupert Thomas 4 Ivan Möller 5 Arthur Anderson
Final
The final was held on Sunday, July 7, 1912. Drew was forced to scratch from the final after he pulled a tendon at the end of the first semi-final.
The final featured eight false starts, one of which saw Craig and Lippincott fail to hear the recall gun and run to the finish line. On the ninth attempt, Patching had the strongest start and led at 40 metres by half a metre.
Craig caught Patching at 60 metres. At the 75-metre mark, Craig was "a hand's-breadth" ahead of Patching and Meyer, with Lippincott and Belote another half-metre back. At the end, "Craig ran brilliantly and with enormous power." Meyer separated from Patching, who stayed in the third spot until "the last few strides" before being passed "almost on the very line" by Lippincott.Official Report, pp. 353–54.
The official report gives the result as Ralph Craig 10, Alvah Meyer 60 cm behind winner, and Donald Lippincott 15 cm behind second man.
Rank Athlete Nation Time Ralph Craig 10.8 Alvah Meyer 10.9 Donald Lippincott 10.94 George Patching 11.05 Frank Belote 11.0— Howard Drew
References
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