Fassuta (, ) is a Christian Arab local council in the Northern District of Israel. It is located in the Upper Galilee on the northwestern slopes of Mount Meron, south of the Lebanese border. In it had a population of , nearly all of whom are Melkite Christian Arabs. In 2022, 99.8% of the population was Christian and 0.2% was Muslim.
History Archaeological excavations at Fassuta have revealed settlement from the Early Bronze Age, through the Iron Age, Hellenistic and the Mamluk eras.Bron, 2007, FassutaTahan, 2009, FassutaBron, 2010, FassutaAbu-‘Uqsa, 2013, Fassuta, Survey
From approximately 70 CE to 450 CE, Fassuta was the site of a Jewish town called Mafsheta. Mafsheta is associated with one of the twenty-four priestly divisions, as the residence of the priestly clan known as Harim.
In the Crusader era Fassuta was known as Fassove.Arabesques: A Novel, by Anton Shammas In 1183, Godfrey de Tor sold the village land to Joscelin III.Strehlke, 1869, pp. 15-16, No. 16; cited in Röhricht, 1893, RRH, p. 125, No. 624; cited in Frankel, 1988, pp. 257, 264 In 1220 Jocelyn III's daughter Beatrix de Courtenay and her husband Otto von Botenlauben, Count of Henneberg, sold their land, including Fassove, to the Teutonic Knights.Strehlke, 1869, pp. 43- 44, No. 53; cited in Röhricht, 1893, RRH, p. 248, No. 934; cited in Frankel, 1988, pp. 257, 264
Ottoman Empire In 1517, Fassuta was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire. In the 1596 tax records it was part of the Nahiya of Akka of the Safad Sanjak and had a population of 12 Muslim households and 3 Muslim bachelors. The villagers paid a fixed tax-rate of 20% on wheat, barley, fruit trees, and goats or beehives.Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 194
In 1838 Fesutha was described as a Christian and Druze village in the El-Jebel district, west of Safed.Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, 2nd appendix, p. 133
In 1875, Victor Guérin found "twenty united Greek families" living in the village which had been built on an ancient site, of which there were many remains.Guérin, 1880, p. 67
In 1881, the PEF's "Survey of Western Palestine" (SWP) described Fassuta as "a village, built of stone, containing about 200 Christians, situated on ridge, with gardens of figs, olives, and arable land. There are two cisterns in the village, and a good spring near."Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 197
According to a population list from 1887, there were 570 inhabitants.Schumacher, 1888, p. 191
British Mandate
At the time of the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate, Fassuta had a population of 459: 444 Christians and 15 Muslims.Barron, 1923, Table XI, Sub-district of Acre, p. 36 The Christians included 1 Orthodox Christian, 18 Syrian Orthodox, and 425 Melkites.Barron, 1923, Table XVI, p.50 In the 1931 census, the combined population of Fassuta and Mansura was 507 Palestinian Christians and 81 Muslims, living in a total of 129 houses.Mills, 1932, p. 100
In the 1945 statistics Fassuta had 1,050 inhabitants.Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 4 The combined population of Fassuta, Al-Mansura and Dayr al-Qasi was 2,300, and their total land area was 34,011 dunums.Village Statistics April 1945, The Palestine Government , p. 2Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 40 1,607 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 6,475 used for cereals,Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 80 while 247 dunams were built-up (urban) land.Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 130 Between 1922 and 1947, the population of Fassuta increased by 120%.Transformation in Arab Settlement, Moshe Brawer, in The Land that Became Israel: Studies in Historical Geography, Ruth Kark (ed), Magnes Press, Jerusalem 1989, p.177
Israel At the end of October 1948, during Operation Hiram, the village was captured by the Israeli army. Most of the Muslims fled or were expelled but many Christians remained. In December 1949, the Israel Defense Forces devised a plan to create a 5–10 km Arab-free zone along the Lebanon border by ordering those who remained in Fassuta and five other villages to leave. However, the plan was rejected,Morris, 1987, pp. 225, 242, 251 and the village remained under martial Law until 1966.
In April 2023, a resident of Fassuta was injured in a rocket attack from Lebanon attributed to the militant group Hamas.
Demographics
In 2005, Fassuta had a population of 2,900, with an annual population growth rate of 0.9%. All were Christian Arabs of the Melkite (Greek) Catholic Church.פסוטה 2014
In 2022, the village had a population of 3,255 people, of which 99.7% of them were Arabs and the 0.3% were other ethnicities. Fassuta does not have a Jewish population.
Religion and culture The Mar Elias Church in Fassuta celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2007. The church is named for Elias, the village's patron saint. A large statue of Elijah stands in the central square.
Beit Rima is a center for culture, tourism and art established in a historic home in Fassuta.
Archaeology
In 1875, Victor Guérin found "numerous cisterns, a great reservoir, vestiges of many ruined houses, fine cut stones marking out floors, and a dozen of winepresses nearly perfect. These winepresses are all on the same model. Worked in the rock, they consisted of two compartments, one larger, in which the grapes were placed, and one smaller and lower down, in which the juice was received." In the church Guerin saw a Corinthian pillar, probably Byzantine, carved with a cross. Above the door was a frieze finely decorated with flowers and foliage.Guérin, 1880, p. 67, as translated by Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 222
Notable people Sabri Jiryis Habib Qahwaji Anton Shammas
See also Arab localities in Israel Christianity in Israel
References
Bibliography
(p. 633 )
External links Welcome To Fassuta Survey of Western Palestine, Map 4: IAA, Wikimedia commons