The Duchy of Bohemia was established in 870 and raised to the Kingdom of Bohemia in 1198. Several Bohemian monarchs ruled as non-hereditary kings and first gained the title in 1085. From 1004 to 1806, Bohemia was part of the Holy Roman Empire, and its ruler was an elector. From 1526 to 1804, the Kingdom of Bohemia, together with the other lands of the Bohemian Crown, was ruled under a personal union as part of the Habsburg monarchy. From 1804 to 1918, Bohemia was part of the Austrian Empire, which itself was part of the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary from 1867 to 1918. Following the dissolution of the monarchy, the Bohemian lands, now also referred to as Czech lands, became part of Czechoslovakia, and they have formed today's Czech Republic since the 1993 dissolution of Czechoslovakia.
Legendary rulers of Bohemia Praotec Čech (Pater Boemus) Krok Libuše, female ruler Přemysl the Ploughman, husband of Libuše Nezamysl Mnata Vojen Vnislav Křesomysl Neklan Hostivít
Dukes and Kings of Bohemia from and after Přemyslid dynasty (c. 870–1306)
Přemyslid dynasty Feuds of Bohemia and Moravia under Premyslid rule + Part of Great Moravia(until 907) Duchy ofBohemia(870–1198)Raised to:Kingdom ofBohemia(1198–1306)Part of Poland(999–1019) Duchy of Moravia(1019–1055)Duchy ofBrno(1st creation)(1055–1056)Duchy ofZnojmo(1st creation)(1055–1056)Duchy ofOlomouc(1st creation)(1055–1056) Duchy ofOlomouc(1061–1178)Duchy ofBrno(2nd creation)(1061–1182)Duchy ofZnojmo(2nd creation)(1092–1182)Between 1112 and 1123 Znojmo was part of Brno. Duchy of Moravia(Znojmo line)(1182–1191) Duchy of Moravia(1197–1222)
Table of rulers RulerBornReignRuling partConsortDeathNotes Bořivoj I 852Son of Hostivít (?)According to a bold hypothesis by historian , the Premyslid dynasty was a possible direct descendant of the ruling family of Great Moravia, being Borivoj a son of Rastislav of Moravia. See Hypotheses and citations of articles by J. Zástěry on the website of the Club of Friends of the Znojmo Rotunda (in Czech) 870–883885–889 Duchy of BohemiaLudmila of Bohemia873six children 889aged 35/6 First documented ruler of the dynasty. Strojmir, Duke of Bohemia ? c. 883–885 Duchy of Bohemia? ? Apparently a usurper. Bohemia annexed to Great Moravia (889–894) Spytihněv I 882First son of Bořivoj I and Ludmila of Bohemia 894–915 Duchy of Bohemia(with Moravia since 907)Unmarried 915aged 32/3 His reign restored Bohemian sovereignty. Vratislaus I(Vratislav) 888Second son of Bořivoj I and Ludmila of Bohemia 915 – 13 February 921 Duchy of BohemiaDrahomírathree children 13 February 921aged 32/3 Regencies of Ludmila of Bohemia (921) and Drahomíra (921–925) Known as St. Wenceslaus ("Good King Wenceslas" for English-speaking people), the patron saint of the Czech lands. St.Wenceslaus(Svatý Václav) 907StochovAccording to legend. See page of the duke for details.First son of Vratislaus I and Drahomíra 13 February 921- 28 September 929/35 Duchy of BohemiaUnmarried 28 September 929/35Stará Boleslavaged 21/2 or 27/8 Boleslaus I the Cruel(Boleslav I. Ukrutný) 915Prague (?)Second son of Vratislaus I and Drahomíra 28 September 929/35 – July 972 Duchy of BohemiaBiagotafour children July 972aged 56/7 Assassinated his brother to ascend to the ducal throne. Boleslaus II the Pious(Boleslav II. Pobožný) 940Prague (?)Son of Boleslaus I and Biagota July 972 – 7 February 999 Duchy of BohemiaAdiva (of England?)four childrenEmma of Mělník(Emma of Italy (?))989no children 7 February 999aged 58/9 Moravia is again lost, this time, to Poland, in 999. Boleslaus III the Red(Boleslav III. Ryšavý) 965First son of Boleslaus II and Adiva 7 February 999 – May 1002February – March 1003 Duchy of BohemiaUnknown 1037aged 56/7 In 1002–04, Bohemia was invaded twice by Poland. Bohemia was annexed to Poland (1002-04): May 1002 – February 1003: Vladivoj (Władywoj), son of Mieszko I of Poland; March 1003–1004: Bolesław I the Brave, King of Poland Jaromír c. 970Second son of Boleslaus II and Adiva 1004 – 12 April 10129 November 1034–1035 Duchy of BohemiaUnknown 4 November 1038Lysá nad Labemaged 60/70 In 1004, Jaromir occupied Prague with a German army and proclaimed himself Bohemian duke, restoring the family's domain, albeit reduced. As brothers of Boleslaus III, Jaromir and Ulrich had a fight for the throne that lasted until 1034, when Ulrich died and Jaromir retired (and then murdered). Nevertheless, more land was at stake, as Moravia was reintegrated into Bohemia in 1019, after being reconquered from Poland, and given to Ulrich's son. Ulrich I(Oldřich) c. 975Third son of Boleslaus II and Adiva 12 April 1012 – 9 November 1034 Duchy of Bohemia Boženac. 1002one child 9 November 1034 or 1042aged 59/60 or 66/7 1033 – 9 November 1034 Duchy of Moravia Bretislaus I the Bohemian Achilles(Břetislav I. český Achilles) 1002/5Son of Ulrich I and Božena 1019/29 – 10339 November 1034 – 10 January 1055 Duchy of Moravia Judith of Schweinfurt1020four children 10 January 1055aged 50/3 First separation of Moravia from Bohemia. His father usurped his place for a year. After his own death, his sons shared the inheritance. 1035 – 10 January 1055 Duchy of Bohemia Spytihněv II 1031First son of Bretislaus I and Judith of Schweinfurt 10 January 1055 – 28 January 1061 Duchy of Bohemia(also in Moravia from 1056)Ida of Wettin1054one child 28 January 1061aged 29/30 Children of Bretislav I, divided their inheritance: Spytihnev kept Bohemia; the others divided Moravia: Conrad received Brno; Vratislav got Olomouc; Otto inherited Znojmo. The division was made ineffective by Spytihnev (1055), who extended his rule to Moravia, uniting the whole Premyslid domain under his control. However, after his death (1061), the landless brothers recovered the inheritance and divided it differently, as Vratislav inherited Bohemia: Conrad recovered Brno but also received Otto's share in Znojmo; Otto received Vratislav's part in Olomouc. Vratislaus II(Vratislav II) c. 1035Second son of Bretislaus I and Judith of Schweinfurt 10 January 1055–1056 Duchy of Olomouc Mariabefore 1057no childrenAdelaide of Hungary (I)1057four childrenŚwiętosława of Poland1062five children 14 January 1092aged 59/60 28 January 1061 – June 1085(as Duke)June 1085 – 14 January 1092(as King) Duchy of Bohemia Conrad I(Konrád I) c. 1035Third son of Bretislaus I and Judith of Schweinfurt 10 January 1055–105628 January 1061 – 6 September 1092 Duchy of Brno(with Znojmo since 1061) Wirpirk of Tengling1054two children 6 September 1092aged 56/57 14 January – 6 September 1092 Duchy of Bohemia Otto I the Fair(Ota Sličný) 1045Fifth son of Bretislaus I and Judith of Schweinfurt 10 January 1055–1056 Duchy of Znojmo Euphemia of Hungarybefore 1073two children 9 June 1087aged 41/2 28 January 1061 – 9 June 1087 Duchy of Olomouc Boleslaus(Boleslav) 1062First son of Vratislaus II and Świętosława of Poland 9 June 1087 – 11 August 1091 Duchy of OlomoucUnmarried 11 August 1091aged 28/9 Bretislaus II(Břetislav II) c. 1060Son of Vratislaus II and Adelaide of Hungary (I) 6 September 1092 – 22 December 1100 Duchy of BohemiaLukarta of Bogen1094one child 22 December 1100aged 39/40Ulrich (II)(Oldřich) c. 1070/80?First son of Conrad I and Wirpirk of Tengling 6 September 1092 – 5 January 1113 Duchy of Brno(with Znojmo since 1112)Adelaidetwo children 5 January 1113aged c. 33/43? Children of Conrad I, divided the inheritance: Luitpold received Znojmo; Ulrich inherited Brno. Despite having heirs, Luitpold's land came to Ulrich's possession after his death. Conrad II, Luitpold's heir, would come to power in 1123. Luitpold (I)(Litold znojemský) c. 1070/80?Second son of Conrad I and Wirpirk of Tengling 6 September 1092 – 15 March 1112 Duchy of Znojmoone child 15 March 1112aged c. 32/42? Bořivoj II c. 1064PragueSecond son of Vratislaus II and Świętosława of Poland 25 December 1100 – May 1107December 1117 – 16 August 1120 Duchy of BohemiaHelbirga of AustriaOctober 1100Znojmono children 2 February 1124aged 39/40 Ruled twice. Retired in 1120. Svatopluk (I)(Svatopluk Olomoucký) 1075First son of Otto I and Euphemia of Hungary 11 August 1091 – 21 September 1109 Duchy of Olomouc Unknownone child 21 September 1109aged 33/4 May 1107 – 21 September 1109 Duchy of Bohemia Vladislaus I(Vladislav I) c. 1065Third son of Vratislaus II and Świętosława of Poland 21 September 1109 – December 111716 August 1120 – 12 April 1125 Duchy of BohemiaRicheza of Berg1110/11four children 12 April 1125Pragueaged 59/60 Ruled twice. Sobeslaus I c. 1075Fourth son of Vratislaus II and Świętosława of Poland 5 January 1113–1123 Duchy of Brno(with Znojmo) Adelaide of Hungary (II)1123five children 14 February 1140aged 64/5 Ruled Brno and Znojmo,The intermission of other feudal lords of different branches could be seen as regencies, as it would happen, for example, in the 15-century Duchy of Austria, where Duke Frederick V exerted regency for his minor cousin, Ladislaus the Posthumous. However, these intermissions could be also similar, for example, to Kievan Rus', where rulers apparently "jumped" from place to place. Albeit this, nothing is proved. which split after his resign: Znojmo returned to its heir, Conrad II;