Zilber (, ) is a surname and a variation of Silber. Notable people with the surname include:
Amelie Zilber (born 2002), American actress, model and activist Ariel Zilber (אריאל זילבר; born 1943), Israeli musical artist Belu Zilber (1901–1978), Romanian communist activist Boris Zilber (born 1949), Soviet–British mathematician Irina Zilber (born 1983), Russian athlete J. A. Zilber, mathematician, known for the Eilenberg–Zilber theorem Maurice Zilber (1920–2008), French horse trainer Michael Zilber, Canadian composer and musician Yitzchok Zilber (1917–2004), Israeli-Russian rabbi Lev Zilber (1894–1966), Soviet microbiologist, virologist, and immunologist