Turritella

Turritella is a genus of medium-sized sea snails with an operculum, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Turritellidae.Vos, C.; Gofas, S. (2013). Turritella Lamarck, 1799. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138615 on 2013-06-02

They have tightly coiled shells, whose overall shape is basically that of an elongated cone.

The name Turritella comes from the Latin word turritus 'turreted, towered' and the diminutive suffix -ella.Webster's New Universal Unabridged Dictionary. 2nd ed. 1979.

Species

Valid Valid species within the genus Turritella are listed below. Fossil species are marked with a dagger "†".

Turritella acropora (Dall, 1889) Turritella albolapis Finlay, 1924 Turritella algida Melvill & Standen, 1912 Turritella anactor Berry, 1957 Turritella annulata Kiener, 1843 † Turritella apicalis - Pleistocene of Florida Turritella attenuata Reeve, 1849 Turritella aurocincta Martens, 1875 Turritella bacillum Kiener, 1843 † Turritella badensis - Cenozoic of Denmark, Germany and PolandTurritella badensis at the online fossil gallery of Natural History Museum at the University of Oslo Turritella banksii Gray in Reeve, 1849 Turritella bayeri Petuch, 2001 Turritella bicingulata Lamarck, 1822 Turritella broderipiana d'Orbigny, 1840 Turritella caelata Mörch in Dunker, 1858 Turritella capensis (Krauss, 1848) Turritella carinifera Lamarck, 1822 Turritella chordata Suter, 1908 Turritella chrysotoxa Tomlin, 1825 Turritella cingulata Sowerby, 1825 Turritella cingulifera G.B. Sowerby I, 1825 Turritella clarionensis Hertlein & Strong, 1951 Turritella cochlea Reeve, 1849 Turritella columnaris Kiener, 1843 Turritella communis Risso, 1826 Turritella concava Martens, 1880 Turritella congelata Adams & Reeve, 1850 Turritella conofasciata (Sacco 1895) Turritella conspersa Adams & Reeve, 1850 Turritella cooperi Carpenter, 1864 Turritella cornea Lamarck, 1822 Turritella couteaudi Rochebrune & Mabille, 1889 † Turritella crenulata Nyst, 1844 Turritella crocea Kiener, 1843 † Turritella cruzadoi DeVries, 2007 Turritella decipiens Monterosato, 1878 Turritella declivis Adams & Reeve, 1850 Turritella dirkhartogensis (Garrard, 1972) Turritella duplicata (Linnaeus, 1758) Turritella dura Mörch, 1860 Turritella elachista Rochebrune & Mabille, 1889 Turritella exoleta (Linnaeus, 1758) Turritella fastigiata Adams & Reeve, 1850 Turritella ferruginea Reeve, 1849 Turritella fultoni Melvill & Standen, 1901 Turritella fuscomaculata Bozzetti, 2009 Turritella gemmata Reeve, 1849 Turritella gonostoma Valenciennes, 1832 Turritella hastula Reeve, 1849 Turritella hookeri Reeve, 1849 Turritella incisa Reeve, 1849 † Turritella incrassata - Pliocene of Belgium Turritella knysnaensis Krauss, 1848 Turritella leeuwinensis (Garrard, 1972) Turritella lentiginosa Reeve, 1849 Turritella leucostoma Valenciennes, 1832 Turritella ligar Deshayes, 1843 Turritella lindae (Petuch, 1987) Turritella lyonsi Garcia, 2006 Turritella maculata Reeve, 1849 Turritella marianopsis Petuch, 1990 Turritella minuta Turton, 1932 WoRMS (2011). Turritella minuta Turton, 1932. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=536361 on 2012-06-29 Turritella monilis Adams & Reeve, 1850 Turritella monterosatoi Kobelt, 1887 Turritella nebulosa Kiener, 1843 Turritella nodulosa King & Broderip, 1832 Turritella praetermissa (Dautzenberg, 1912) Turritella punctata Kiener, 1843 Turritella radula Kiener, 1843 Turritella reevei Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1906 † Turritella riverae DeVries, 2007 Turritella rubescens Reeve, 1849 † Turritella salasi DeVries, 2007 Turritella sanguinea Reeve, 1849 Turritella sedanensis (Martin 1905) † Turritella steiningeri Harzhauser, 2007Harzhauser M. (2007). "Oligocene and Aquitanian gastropod faunas from the Sultanate of Oman and their biogeographic implications for the western Indo-Pacific". Palaeontographica Abteilung A 280: 75-121. PDF. Turritella terebra (Linnaeus, 1758) † Turritella terebralis Lamarck, 1799"†Turritella terebralis Lamarck 1799 (turret shell)". The Paleobiology Database, accessed 40 January 2010. Pek I., Vašíček Z., Roček Z., Hajn V. & Mikuláš R. (1996). Základy zoopaleontologie. Olomouc. . Turritella torulosa Kiener, 1843 † Turritella trempina - Pliocene Turritella triplicata Philippi, 1836 Turritella turbona Monterosato, 1877 † Turritella turris - Early Miocene of Central Europe Turritella ungulina (Linnaeus, 1758) Turritella variegata (Linnaeus, 1758) Turritella vermicularis (Brocchi, 1814) † Turritella vertebroides Morton, 1834"†Turritella vertebroides Morton 1834 (turret shell)". The Paleobiology Database, accessed 40 January 2010. - Late Cretaceous of South of North America Turritella wareni Ryall & Vos, 2010 Turritella willetti McLean, 1970 Turritella yucatecana (Dall, 1881)

Invalid

These are species assigned to Turritella that were brought into synonymy with other taxa: Turritella (Torcula) Gray, 1847: synonym of Turritella Lamarck, 1799 Turritella (Torcula) cochlea Reeve, 1849: synonym of Turritella cochlea Reeve, 1849 Turritella acicula Stimpson, 1851: synonym of Turritellopsis stimpsoni (Dall, 1919) Turritella alternata Say, 1822: synonym of Bittiolum alternatum (Say, 1822) † Turritella andenensis Otuka, 1934: synonym of Neohaustator andenensis (Otuka, 1934) Turritella aquila Reeve, 1849: synonym of Turritella conspersa Adams & Reeve, 1850 Turritella areolata Stimpson, 1851: synonym of Tachyrhynchus reticulatus (Mighels & Adams, 1842) Turritella auricincta Martens, 1875: synonym of Turritella aurocincta Martens, 1875 Turritella bicolor Adams & Reeve, 1850: synonym of Turritella cingulifera G.B. Sowerby I, 1825 Turritella brevialis Lamarck, 1822: synonym of Mesalia brevialis (Lamarck, 1822) Turritella canaliculata Adams & Reeve, 1850: synonym of Turritella cingulifera G.B. Sowerby I, 1825 Turritella candida Reeve, 1849: synonym of Turritella gemmata Reeve, 1849 Turritella cingulata Sowerby, 1825 is a synonym of Incatella cingulata (Sowerby, 1825)DeVries T. J. (2007). "Cenozoic Turritellidae (Gastropoda) from southern Peru". Journal of Paleontology 81(2): 331-351. . Turritella concava Say, 1826: synonym of Terebra concava (Say, 1826) Turritella costulata Mighels & Adams, 1842: synonym of Acirsa borealis (Lyell, 1841) Turritella costulata Møller, 1842: synonym of Eumetula arctica (Mørch, 1857) Turritella crenulata (Donald, 1900): synonym of Colpospira joannae (Hedley, 1923) Turritella erosa Couthouy, 1838: synonym of Tachyrhynchus erosus (Couthouy, 1838) Turritella eschrichti Hölböll in Möller, 1842: synonym of Acirsa borealis (Lyell, 1841) Turritella excavata G. B. Sowerby III, 1870: synonym of Turritella declivis Adams & Reeve in Reeve, 1849 Turritella flammulata Kiener, 1843-44: synonym ofTurritella ligar Deshayes, 1843 Turritella fortilirata G. B. Sowerby III, 1914: synonym of Neohaustator fortilirata (G. B. Sowerby III, 1914) Turritella gracillima Gould, 1860: synonym of Turritella cingulifera G. B. Sowerby I, 1825 Turritella granosa Quoy & Gaimard, 1834: synonym of Opalia granosa (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) Turritella imbricata (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of Turritella variegata (Linnaeus, 1758) Turritella knysnaensis Krauss, 1848: synonym of Turritella capensis (Krauss, 1848) Turritella lactea Möller, 1842: synonym of Mesalia lactea (Möller, 1842) † Turritella maiquetiana Weisbord, 1962: synonym of Turritella paraguanensis Hodson, 1926 Turritella mediolevis Verco, 1910: synonym of Colpospira mediolevis (Verco, 1910) Turritella meta Reeve, 1849: synonym of Turritella gemmata Turritella monterosatoi Kobelt, 1887: synonym of Turritella turbona Monterosato, 1877 Turritella nzimaorum Ryall & Vos, 2010: synonym of Turritella caelata Mörch in Dunker, 1858 Turritella opalina Adams & Reeve, 1850: synonym of Mesalia opalina (Adams & Reeve, 1850) Turritella opulenta Hedley, 1907: synonym of Glyptozaria opulenta (Hedley, 1907) Turritella paraguanensis Hodson, 1926: synonym of Turritella variegata (Linnaeus, 1758) Turritella philippi Aradas, 1842: synonym of Acirsa subdecussata (Cantraine, 1835) Turritella polaris Möller, 1842: synonym of Tachyrhynchus erosus (Couthouy, 1838) Turritella spina Crosse & Fischer, 1864: synonym of Cingulina spina (Crosse & Fischer, 1864) Turritella reticulata Mighels & Adams, 1842: synonym of Tachyrhynchus reticulatus (Mighels & Adams, 1842) Turritella spirata Sowerby I, 1825: synonym of Eglisia spirata (Sowerby I, 1825) Turritella symmetrica Hutton, 1873: synonym of Stiracolpus symmetricus (Hutton, 1873) Turritella trisulcata Lamarck, 1822:"Haustator Montfort, 1810". OBIS Indo-Pacific Molluscan Database, accessed 10 January 2011. synonym of Turritella vermicularis Turritella yucatecanum Dall, 1881: synonym of Turritella yucatecana (Dall, 1881)

Fossil species

The genus is known from the Cretaceous to the Recent periods.Mayr H. (199). A Guide to Fossils. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.

The shells are quite frequently found as fossils, and the carbonate stone made from large quantities of Turritella shells is often referred to as "Turritella limestone", or, if silicified, "Turritella agate". Both varieties of this stone are commonly sold as polished cabochons.

"Turritella agate"

One variety of "Turritella agate", that from the Green River Formation in Wyoming, is a fossiliferous rock which does indeed contain numerous high-spired snail shells. However, contrary to the common name, these snails are not in the marine genus Turritella, instead they are freshwater snails in the species Elimia tenera, family Pleuroceridae from the Eocene epoch.Burch, J. B. (1989). North American Freshwater Snails. Malacological Publications, Hamburg, Michigan, The rock in which these snail shells are so abundant varies from a soft sandstone to a dense chalcedony. This dense silicified rock is popular with gem and mineral hobbyists, as well as with New Age practitioners.

Turritellenplatte The Erminger Turritellenplatte ("Turritella plate of Ermingen") near Ulm, Germany Baier J. (2008). "Ein Beitrag zur Erminger Turritellenplatte (Mittlere Schwäbische Alb, SW-Deutschland)". ["Contribution on the Erminger Turritellenplatte"]. Jahresberichte und Mitteilungen des Oberrheinischen Geologischen Vereines, Neue Folge, 90: 9-17. (with English abstract). HTML abstract is a rocky outcrop situated in the northern part of the North Alpine Foreland Basin. It is famous for its superabundance of Turritella turris shells within its sediments Baier J. (2008). "Über die Tertiärbildungen im Ulmer Raum" ["On Tertiary structures in the Ulm region"]. Documenta Naturae 168: 1-32. and dates from the Burdigalian.

References Caenogastropoda in Man and Mollusc

External links

"1. Turritella bicolor; 2. Turritella congelata; 3. Turritella conspersa; 4. Turritella miltilirata; 5. Turritella vittulata; 6. Turritella monilifera; 7. Turritella opalina; 8. Eglisia tricarinata; 9. Turritella fastigiata; 10. Turritela declivis; 11. Turritella canaliculata", New York Public Library no-charge digital image available; image dated 1850.