is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu.Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Hyōgo prefecture" in ; "Kansai" in . Hyōgo Prefecture has a population of 5,469,762 () and a geographic area of . Hyōgo Prefecture borders Kyoto Prefecture to the east, Osaka Prefecture to the southeast, and Okayama and Tottori prefectures to the west.
Kobe is the capital and largest city of Hyōgo Prefecture, and the seventh-largest city in Japan, with other major cities including Himeji, Nishinomiya, and Amagasaki.Nussbaum, "Kobe" in . Hyōgo Prefecture's mainland stretches from the Sea of Japan to the Seto Inland Sea, where Awaji Island and a small archipelago of islands belonging to the prefecture are located. Hyōgo Prefecture is a major economic center, transportation hub, and tourist destination in western Japan, with 20% of the prefecture's land area designated as Natural Parks. Hyōgo Prefecture forms part of the Kobe metropolitan area and Osaka metropolitan area, the second-most-populated urban region in Japan after the Greater Tokyo area and one of the world's most productive regions by GDP.
History
Present-day Hyōgo Prefecture includes the former provinces of Harima, Tajima, Awaji, and parts of Tanba and Settsu.Nussbaum, "Provinces and prefectures" in .
In 1180, near the end of the Heian period, Emperor Antoku, Taira no Kiyomori, and the Imperial court moved briefly to Fukuhara, in what is now the city of Kobe. There the capital remained for five months. Himeji Castle, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is in the city of Himeji.
Southern Hyōgo Prefecture was severely devastated by the 6.9 Mw Great Hanshin earthquake of 1995, which destroyed major parts of Kobe and Awaji, as well as Nishinomiya and Ashiya and the neighboring Osaka Prefecture, killing nearly 6,500 people.
Geography
Hyōgo has coastlines on two seas: to the north, the Sea of Japan, to the south, the Seto Inland Sea. On Awaji Island, Hyōgo borders the Pacific Ocean coastline in the Kii Channel. The northern portion is sparsely populated, except for the city of Toyooka. The central highlands are only populated by tiny villages. Most of Hyōgo's population lives on the southern coast, which is part of the Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto metropolitan area. Awaji is an island that separates the Inland Sea and Osaka Bay, lying between Honshu and Shikoku.
Summertime weather throughout Hyōgo is hot and humid. As for winter conditions, the north of Hyōgo tends to receive abundant snow, whilst the south receives only the occasional flurry.
Hyōgo borders on Osaka Prefecture, Kyoto Prefecture, Tottori Prefecture and Okayama Prefecture.
20% of the total land area of the prefecture was designated as Natural Parks, namely the Sanin Kaigan and Setonaikai National Parks; Hyōnosen-Ushiroyama-Nagisan Quasi-National Park; and Asago Gunzan, Harima Chūbu Kyūryō, Inagawa Keikoku, Izushi-Itoi, Kasagatayama-Sengamine, Kiyomizu-Tōjōko-Tachikui, Onzui-Chikusa, Seiban Kyūryō, Seppiko-Mineyama, Tajima Sangaku, and Taki Renzan Prefectural Natural Parks.
Current municipalities
Cities 30 cities are located in Hyōgo Prefecture: NameArea (km2)PopulationMapRōmajiKanji Aioi相生市90.4028,208 Akashi明石市49.42305,925 Akō赤穂市126.8545,747 Amagasaki尼崎市50.72455,555 Asago朝来市403.0628,971 Ashiya芦屋市18.4792,976 Awaji淡路市184.3242,597 Himeji姫路市534.35525,682 Itami伊丹市25.00197,215 Kakogawa加古川市138.48255,523 Kasai加西市150.9842,494 Katō加東市157.5539,628 Kawanishi川西市53.44155,165 Kobe (capital)神戸市557.021,522,188 Miki三木市176.5175,009 Minamiawaji南あわじ市229.0145,489 Nishinomiya西宮市99.96484,368 Nishiwaki西脇市132.4439,001 Ono小野市92.9447,609 Sanda三田市210.32108,452 Shisō宍粟市658.5435,639 Sumoto洲本市182.3842,094 Takarazuka宝塚市101.80221,846 Takasago高砂市34.3886,030 Tamba丹波市493.2162,152 Tamba-Sasayama丹波篠山市377.5940,050 Tatsunoたつの市210.8774,414 Toyooka豊岡市697.5574,268 Yabu養父市422.9122,177
Towns These are the towns in each district: NameArea (km2)PopulationDistrictMapRōmajiKanji Fukusaki福崎町45.7918,742Kanzaki District Harima播磨町9.1334,735Kako District Ichikawa市川町82.6711,275Kanzaki District Inagawa猪名川町90.3329,579Kawabe District Inami稲美町34.9230,622Kako District Kami香美町368.7716,256Mikata District Kamigōri上郡町150.2614,179Akō District Kamikawa神河町202.2310,794Kanzaki District Sayō佐用町307.4415,701Sayō District Shin'onsen新温泉町241.0112,814Mikata District Taishi太子町22.6133,753Ibo District Taka多可町185.1919,589Taka District
Islands Awaji Island Ieshima Islands
Two major artificial islands are located Hyōgo Prefecture: Port Island Rokkō Island
National parks Hyōnosen-Ushiroyama-Nagisan Quasi-National Park Sanin Kaigan National Park Setonaikai National Park
Mergers
Future mergers The city of Akō and the only town in Akō District (Kamigōri), were scheduled to merge and the city would still retain the name Akō. Akō District would be defunct if the merger was successful.City.ako.hyogo.jp However, the merger has not taken place.
Economy
As in all prefectures nationwide, agriculture, forestry, and fisheries play a big role in the economy of Hyogo Prefecture. Hyōgo Prefecture also has an IT industry, many heavy industries, metal and medical, Kobe Port being one of the largest ports in Japan. Kobe Port also hosts one of the world's fastest supercomputers, and Hyogo Prefecture passed laws to keep Kobe Port free of nuclear weapons (a nuclear-free zone) since the year 1975.
Hyōgo is a part of the Hanshin Industrial Region. There are two research institutes of Riken, natural sciences research institute in Japan, in Kobe and Harima. "SPring-8", a synchrotron radiation facility, is in Harima.
Culture
National Treasures of Japan Chōkō-ji in Katō Chorakuji in Kami, Hyōgo (Mikata) Himeji Castle in Himeji (UNESCO World Heritage Site) Ichijō-ji in Kasai Jōdo-ji in Ono Kakurin-ji in Kakogawa Taisan-ji in Kobe
Important Preservation Districts for Groups of Historic Buildings in Japan Izushi Kitano-chō Yamamoto-dōri Sasayama
Museums Asago Art Village in Asago Ashiya City Museum of Art & History in Ashiya Hakutsuru Fine Art Museum in Higashinada Ward, Kobe Himeji City Museum of Art in Himeji Hyōgo Prefectural Museum of Art in Nada Ward, Kobe Kobe City Museum in Chuo Ward, Kobe Kobe Maritime Museum in Chuo Ward, Kobe Kosetsu Museum of Art in Higashinada Ward, Kobe Tekisui Museum of Art in Ashiya Osamu Tezuka Manga Museum in Takarazuka
Education
Universities
Amagasaki Sonoda Women's University St. Thomas University (ex-Eichi University) – closed in 2015
Takarazuka Koshien University Takarazuka University
Sanda Kwansei Gakuin University (Sanda Campus)
Nishinomiya Kobe College Kwansei Gakuin University Mukogawa Women's University Otemae University
Ashiya Ashiya University
Kobe Kobe City University of Foreign Studies Kobe Institute of Computing Kobe Gakuin University Kobe Shukugawa Gakuin University Kobe University Kobe University of Commerce Kobe Women's University Konan University University of Hyogo University of Marketing and Distribution Sciences
Kato Hyogo University of Teacher Education
Akashi University of Hyogo
Kakogawa Hyogo University
Himeji Himeji Dokkyo University Himeji Institute of Technology Himeji Kinki University University of Hyogo
Akō University of Hyogo
High schools There are 163 public and 52 private high schools within Hyogo prefecture. Of the public high schools, some are administered by the Hyogo prefectural government, whilst the others are administered by local municipalities.
Ashiya International Secondary School, founded 2003
Sports
The sports teams listed below are based in Hyōgo.
Baseball Hanshin Tigers (Nishinomiya) Orix Buffaloes (Kobe)
Basketball Kobe Storks (Kobe)
Football (soccer) INAC Kobe Leonessa (Women's) (Kobe) Vissel Kobe (Kobe)
Rugby Kobelco Steelers (Kobe) World Fighting Bull (Kobe)
Volleyball Hisamitsu Springs (Kobe) JT Marvelous (Nishinomiya)
Tourism A popular troupe of Takarazuka Revue plays in Takarazuka.
Arima Onsen in the south of the province in Kita-ku, Kobe is one of the Three Ancient Springs in Japan. The north of Hyogo Prefecture has sightseeing spots such as Kinosaki Onsen, Izushi, and Yumura Onsen. Takeda Castle in Asago is often referred to locally as the "Machu Picchu of Japan". The matsuba crab and Tajima beef are both national delicacies.
Festivals and events
Miyuki Street New Year's midnight traditional sale, Himeji Nishinomiya Shrine's Ebisu Festival in January Yanagihara Ebisu Festival in January, Kobe Tada Shrine's Genji Festival in April, Kawanishi Kobe Festival and Parade in May Aioi Peron Festival in May Himeji Yukata Festival in June Dekansho Bon Dancing Festival in August, Sasayama Nada Fighting Festival, Himeji Kobe Luminarie in December Ako Chushingura Parade
Transportation
Rail JR West San'yō Shinkansen JR Kobe Line Wadamisaki Line San'yō Main Line San'in Line Fukuchiyama Line (JR Takarazuka Line) Kakogawa Line Bantan Line Kishin Line Akō Line Hankyu Railway Kobe Line Kobe Kosoku Line Itami Line Imazu Line Koyo Line Takarazuka Line Nose Railway Myoken Line Nissei Line Shintetsu Arima Line Kobe Kosoku Line Sanda Line Kōen-Toshi Line Ao Line Kobe Municipal Subway Seishin-Yamate Line Kaigan Line Hokushin Line Hojo Railway (Ao-Hojo) Hanshin Railway Main Line Kobe Kosoku Line Mukogawa Line Hanshin Namba Line Sanyo Railway Main Line Aboshi Line Chizu Express Kitakinki Tango Railway Miyazu Line
People movers Kobe New Transit Port Liner Rokkō Liner
Road
Expressways Bantan Expressway Chūgoku Expressway Hanshin Expressway Kobe-Awaji-Naruto Expressway Maizuru-Wakasa Expressway Meishin Expressway San'yō Expressway Second Shinmei road
National highways
Route 2 Route 9 Route 28 Route 29 Route 43 Route 171 Route 173 Route 174 (Sannomiya-Kobe Port) Route 175 Route 176 Route 178 Route 179 Route 250 Route 312 Route 372 Route 373 Route 426 Route 427 Route 428 Route 429 Route 436 Route 477 Route 482 Route 483
Ports Akashi Port Kobe Port – Mainly international container hub port Shikama Port – Mainly Shōdo Island route ferry
Airport Kobe Airport Konotori Tajima Airport
Kansai International Airport in nearby Osaka Prefecture is also used by air travellers from the prefecture as it provides most domestic and international travel.
Notable people
Ume Aoki, manga artist Mana Ashida, child actress from Nishinomiya Koichi Domoto, singer of KinKi Kids Heath, musician, singer-songwriter and bassist of X Japan is from Amagasaki. Hiro Fujiwara, manga artist Miracle Hikaru, comedian and impersonator is from Toyooka. Kanō Jigorō, founder of the martial art judo Jun, musician, singer-songwriter and guitarist of Phantasmagoria is from Kobe. Shinji Kagawa, footballer from Kobe Tomoya Kanki, drummer of One Ok Rock Takumi Kawanishi (J-pop idol singer and dancer, member of JO1) Tomomi Ogawa, bassist of Scandal Itzuki Yamazaki, professional wrestler from Ieshima Kaoru, guitarist of Dir En Grey Ayaka Kimura, actress, former singer of Coconuts Musume is from Kobe. Keiko Kitagawa, actress from Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon and Buzzer Beat was born in Kobe. Miho Komatsu, singer and songwriter from Kobe Yūji Kuroiwa, politician from Kobe, current governor of Kanagawa Prefecture Kamui Kobayashi, former Sauber and Toyota Racing driver from Amagasaki Chisa Maekawa, singer of Girl Next Door Kiyomatsu Matsubara, ichthyologist, herpetologist and marine biologist Hitoshi Matsumoto, comedian, from Amagasaki Aya Matsuura, singer is from Himeji. Ryuto Kazuhara, vocalist of Generations from Exile Tribe is from Amagasaki. Mina Myoui – American-born Japanese singer of South Korean group Twice. Raised in Nishinomiya Hiro Matsushita – Businessman, former driver in Champ Car series. Chairman of Swift Engineering & Swift Xi Miyavi, musician, although born in Konohana-ku, Osaka grew up in Kawanishi Minako Nishiyama, contemporary artist Rena Nōnen known professionally as , actress, singer, fashion model from Kamikawa Kaori Sakamoto, Figure Skater Masamune Shirow, manga artist was born in Kobe. Yoko Shimomura, video game composer