The Captains Regent (Italian: Capitani Reggenti; : Capitano Reggente) are the two heads of state of the Republic of San Marino. They are elected every six months by the Grand and General Council, the country's legislative body. Normally the Regents are chosen from opposing parties and they serve a six-month term. The investiture of the captains regent takes place on 1 April and 1 October every year. This tradition dates back at least to 1243.
The practice of dual heads of government (diarchy) is derived directly from the customs of the Roman Republic, equivalent to the consuls of ancient Rome.Dall’Università di Urbino alla Reggenza di San Marino: “Io, il più giovane Capo di stato al mondo”. IFG Urbino (in Italian). Published 19 March 2018. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
1243–1500
1500–1700
1700–1900
1900–2020 1900–2020 Year Semester Captain Regent One Captain Regent Two1900 April Domenico Fattori Antonio Righi October Giovanni Bonelli Pietro Ugolini1901 April Luigi Tonnini Marino Nicolini October Antonio Bellucci Pasquale Busignani1902 April Onofrio Fattori Egidio Ceccoli October Gemino Gozi Giacomo Marcucci1903 April Federico Gozi Nullo Balducci October Marino Borbiconi Francesco Marcucci1904 April Menetto Bonelli Vincenzo Mularoni October Luigi Tonnini Gustavo Babboni1905 April Antonio Bellucci Pasquale Busignani October Onofrio Fattori Piermatteo Carattoni1906 April Giovanni Belluzzi Pietro Francini October Alfredo Reffi Giovanni Arzilli1907 April Ciro Belluzzi Francesco Pasquali October Giuseppe Angeli Francesco Valli1908 April Menetto Bonelli Gustavo Babboni October Olinto Amati Raffaele Michetti1909 April Luigi Tonnini Domenico Suzzi Valli October Marino Borbiconi Giacomo Marcucci1910 April Alfredo Reffi Giovanni Arzilli October Giovanni Belluzzi Luigi Lonfernini1911 April Moro Morri Cesare Stacchini October Onofrio Fattori Angelo Manzoni Borghesi1912 April Gustavo Babboni Francesco Pasquali October Menetto Bonelli Vincenzo Marcucci1913 April Giuseppe Angeli Ignazio Grazia October Cirro Belluzzi Domenico Suzzi Valli1914 April Domenico Fattori Ferruccio Martelli October Olinto Amati Cesare Stacchini1915 April Moro Morri Antonio Burgagni October Alfredo Reffi Luigi Lonfernini1916 April Onofrio Fattori Ciro Francini October Gustavo Babboni Giovanni Arzilli1917 April Egisto Morri Vincenzo Marcucci October Angelo Manzoni Borghesi Giuseppe Balducci1918 April Ferruccio Martelli Ermenegildo Mularoni October Protogene Belloni Francesco Morri1919 April Domenico Vicini Pietro Suzzi Valli October Moro Morri Francesco Pasquali1920 April Marino Rossi Ciro Francini 5 December Carlo Balsimelli Simone Michelotti1921 April Marino Della Balda Vincenzo Francini October Egisto Morri Giuseppe Lanci1922 April Eugenio Reffi Giovanni Arzilli October Onofrio Fattori Giuseppe Balducci1923 April Giuliano Gozi Filippo Mularoni October Marino Borbiconi Mario Michetti1924 April Angelo Manzoni Borghesi Francesco Mularoni October Francesco Morri Girolamo Gozi1925 April Marino Fattori Augusto Mularoni October Valerio Pasquali Marco Marcucci1926 April Manlio Gozi Giuseppe Mularoni October Giuliano Gozi Ruggero Morri1927 April Gino Gozi Marino Morri October Marino Rossi Nelson Burgagni1928 April Domenico Suzzi Valli Francesco Pasquali October Francesco Morri Melchiorre Filippi1929 April Girolamo Gozi Filippo Mularoni October Ezio Balducci Aldo Busignani1930 April Manlio Gozi Marino Lonfernini (died 10 September)Turiddu Foschi (since 16 September) October Valerio Pasquali Gino Ceccoli1931 April Angelo Manzoni Borghesi Francesco Mularoni October Domenico Suzzi Valli Marino Morri1932 April Giuliano Gozi Pompeo Righi October Gino Gozi Ruggero Morri1933 April Francesco Morri Settimio Belluzzi October Carlo Balsimelli Melchiorre Filippi1934 April Marino Rossi Giovanni Lonfernini October Angelo Manzoni Borghesi Marino Michelotti1935 April Federico Gozi Salvatore Foschi October Pompeo Righi Marino Morri1936 April Gino Gozi Ruggero Morri October Francesco Morri Gino Ceccoli1937 April Giuliano Gozi Settimio Belluzzi October Marino Rossi Giovanni Lonfernini 1938 April Manlio Gozi Luigi Mularoni October Carlo Balsimelli Celio Gozi1939 April Pompeo Righi Marino Morri October Marino Michelotti Orlando Reffi1940 April Angelo Manzoni Borghesi Filippo Mularoni October Federico Gozi Salvatore Foschi1941 April Gino Gozi Secondo Menicucci October Giuliano Gozi Giovanni Lonfernini1942 April Settimio Belluzzi Celio Gozi October Carlo Balsimelli Renato Martelli1943 April Marino Michelotti Bartolomeo Manzoni Borghesi October Marino Della Balda Sante Lonfernini1944 April Francesco Balsimelli Sanzio Valentini October Teodoro Lonfernini Leonida Suzzi Valli1945 April Alvaro Casali Vittorio Valentini October Ferruccio Martelli Secondo Fiorini1946 April Giuseppe Forcellini Vincenzo Pedini October Filippo Martelli Luigi Montironi1947 April Marino Della Balda Luigi Zafferani October Domenico Forcellini Mariano Ceccoli1948 April Arnaldo Para Giuseppe Renzi October Giordano Giacomini Domenico Tomassoni1949 April Ferruccio Martelli Primo Bugli October Vincenzo Pedini Agostino Biordi1950 April Giuseppe Forcellini Primo Taddei October Marino Della Balda Luigi Montironi1951 April Alvaro Casali Romolo Giacomini October Domenico Forcellini Giovanni Terenzi1952 April Domenico Morganti Mariano Ceccoli October Arnaldo Para Eugenio Bernardini1953 April Vincenzo Pedini Alberto Reffi October Giordano Giacomini Giuseppe Renzi1954 April Giuseppe Forcellini Secondo Fiorini October Agostino Giacomini Luigi Montironi1955 April Domenico Forcellini Vittorio Meloni October Primo Bugli Giuseppe Maiani1956 April Mario Nanni Enrico Andreoli October Mariano Ceccoli Eugenio Bernardini1957 April Giordano Giacomini Primo Marani 10 October Provisional Government: Federico Bigi, Alvaro Casali, Pietro Giancecchi, Zaccaria Giovanni Savoretti 27 October Marino Valdes Franciosi Federico Micheloni1958 April Zaccaria Giovanni Savoretti Stelio Montironi October Domenico Forcellini Pietro Reffi1959 April Marino Benedetto Belluzzi Agostino Biordi October Giuseppe Forcellini Ferruccio Piva1960 April Alvaro Casali Gino Vannucci October Eugenio Reffi Pietro Giancecchi1961 April Federico Micheloni Giancarlo Ghironzi October Giovanni Vito Marcucci Pio Galassi1962 April Domenico Forcellini Francesco Valli October Antonio Maria Morganti Agostino Biordi1963 April Leonida Suzzi Valli Stelio Montironi October Giovan Luigi Franciosi Domenico Bollini1964 April Marino Benedetto Belluzzi Eusebio Reffi October Giuseppe Micheloni Pier Marino Mularoni1965 April Ferruccio Piva Federico Carattoni October Alvaro Casali Pietro Reffi1966 April Francesco Valli Emilio Della Balda October Giovanni Vito Marcucci Francesco Maria Francini1967 April Vittorio Rossini Alberto Lonfernini October Domenico Forcellini Romano Michelotti1968 April Marino Benedetto Belluzzi Dante Rossi October Pietro Giancecchi Aldo Zavoli1969 April Ferruccio Piva Stelio Montironi October Alvaro Casali Giancarlo Ghironzi1970 April Francesco Valli Eusebio Reffi October Simone Rossini Giuseppe Lonfernini1971 April Luigi Lonfernini Attilio Montanari October Federico Carattoni Marino Vagnetti1972 April Marino Benedetto Belluzzi Giuseppe Micheloni October Rosolino Martelli Bruno Casali1973 April Francesco Maria Francini Primo Bugli October Antonio Lazzaro Volpinari Giovan Luigi Franciosi1974 April Ferruccio Piva Giordano Bruno Reffi October Francesco Valli Enrico Andreoli1975 April Alberto Cecchetti Michele Righi October Giovanni Vito Marcucci Giuseppe Della Balda1976 April Clelio Galassi Marino Venturini October Primo Bugli Virgilio Cardelli1977 April Alberto Lonfernini Antonio Lazzaro Volpinari October Giordano Bruno Reffi Tito Masi1978 April Francesco Valli Enrico Andreoli October Ermenegildo Gasperoni Adriano Reffi1979 April Marino Bollini Lino Celli October Giuseppe Amici Germano De Biagi1980 April Pietro Chiaruzzi Primo Marani October Giancarlo Berardi Rossano Zafferani1981 April Gastone Pasolini Maria Lea Pedini-Angelini October Mario Rossi Ubaldo Biordi1982 April Giuseppe Maiani Marino Venturini October Libero Barulli Maurizio Gobbi1983 April Adriano Reffi Massimo Roberto Rossini October Renzo Renzi Germano De Biagi1984 April Gloriana Ranocchini Giorgio Crescentini October Marino Bollini Giuseppe Amici1985 April Enzo Colombini Severiano Tura October Pier Paolo Gasperoni Ubaldo Biordi1986 April Marino Venturini Ariosto Maiani October Giuseppe Arzilli Maurizio Tomassoni1987 April Renzo Renzi Carlo Franciosi October Rossano Zafferani Gianfranco Terenzi1988 April Umberto Barulli Rosolino Martelli October Luciano Cardelli Reves Salvatori1989 April Mauro Fiorini Marino Vagnetti October Gloriana Ranocchini Leo Achilli1990 April Adalmiro Bartolini Ottaviano Rossi October Cesare Gasperoni Roberto Bucci1991 April Domenico Bernardini Claudio Podeschi October Edda Ceccoli Marino Riccardi1992 April Germano De Biagi Ernesto Benedettini October Romeo Morri Marino Zanotti1993 April Patrizia Busignani Salvatore Tonelli October Gian Luigi Berti Paride Andreoli1994 April Alberto Cecchetti Fausto Mularoni October Renzo Ghiotti Luciano Ciavatta1995 April Marino Bollini Settimio Lonfernini October Pier Natalino Mularoni Marino Venturini1996 April Pier Paolo Gasperoni Pietro Bugli October Maurizio Rattini Gian Carlo Venturini1997 April Paride Andreoli Pier Marino Mularoni October Luigi Mazza Marino Zanotti1998 April Alberto Cecchetti Loris Francini October Pietro Berti Paolo Bollini1999 April Antonello Bacciocchi Rosa Zafferani October Marino Bollini Giuseppe Arzilli2000 April Maria Domenica Michelotti Gian Marco Marcucci October Gianfranco Terenzi Enzo Colombini2001 April Luigi Lonfernini Fabio Berardi October Alberto Cecchetti Gino Giovagnoli2002 April Antonio Lazzaro Volpinari Giovanni Francesco Ugolini October Mauro Chiaruzzi Giuseppe Maria Morganti2003 April Pier Marino Menicucci Giovanni Giannoni October Giovanni Lonfernini Valeria Ciavatta2004 April Paolo Bollini Marino Riccardi October Giuseppe Arzilli Roberto Raschi2005 April Fausta Morganti Cesare Gasperoni October Claudio Muccioli Antonello Bacciocchi2006 April Gianfranco Terenzi Loris Francini October Antonio Carattoni Roberto Giorgetti2007 April Alessandro Mancini Alessandro Rossi October Alberto Selva Mirko Tomassoni2008 April Federico Pedini Amati Rosa Zafferani October Ernesto Benedettini Assunta Meloni2009 April Massimo Cenci Oscar Mina October Francesco Mussoni Stefano Palmieri2010 April Marco Conti Glauco Sansovini October Giovanni Francesco Ugolini Andrea Zafferani2011 April Maria Luisa Berti Filippo Tamagnini October Matteo Fiorini Gabriele Gatti2012 April Maurizio Rattini Italo Righi October Denise Bronzetti Teodoro Lonfernini2013 April Denis Amici Antonella Mularoni October Gian Carlo Capicchioni Anna Maria Muccioli2014 April Luca Beccari Valeria Ciavatta October Gianfranco Terenzi Guerrino Zanotti2015 April Andrea Belluzzi Roberto Venturini October Nicola Renzi Lorella Stefanelli2016 April Gian Nicola Berti Massimo Andrea Ugolini October Fabio Berardi Marino Riccardi2017 April Vanessa D'Ambrosio Mimma Zavoli October Enrico Carattoni Matteo Fiorini2018 April Matteo Ciacci Stefano Palmieri October Luca Santolini Mirko Tomassoni2019 April Michele Muratori Nicola Selva October Luca Boschi Mariella Mularoni
Since 2020