Events Pre-1600 33 – Heartbroken by the deaths of her sons Nero and Drusus, and banished to the island of Pandateria by Tiberius, Agrippina the Elder dies of self-inflicted starvation. 320 – Pappus of Alexandria, Greek philosopher, observes an eclipse of the Sun and writes a commentary on The Great Astronomer (Almagest). 614 – King Chlothar II promulgates the Edict of Paris (Edictum Chlotacharii), a sort of Frankish Magna Carta that defends the rights of the Frankish nobles while it excludes Jews from all civil employment in the Frankish Kingdom. 629 – Dagobert I is crowned King of the Franks. 1009 – The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, a Christian church in Jerusalem, is completely destroyed by the Fatimid caliph Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, who hacks the Church's foundations down to bedrock. 1016 – The Danes defeat the English in the Battle of Assandun. 1081 – The Normans defeat the Byzantine Empire in the Battle of Dyrrhachium. 1166 – Michael the Syrian, one of the most important Syriac historians, is consecrated as Syriac Orthodox Patriarch at the Mor Bar Sauma Monastery. 1281 – Pope Martin IV excommunicates King Peter III of Aragon for usurping the crown of Sicily (a sentence renewed on 7 May and 18 November 1282). 1356 – Basel earthquake, the most significant historic seismological event north of the Alps, destroys the town of Basel, Switzerland. 1540 – Spanish conquistador Hernando de Soto's forces destroy the fortified town of Mabila in present-day Alabama, killing Tuskaloosa. 1561 – In Japan the fourth Battle of Kawanakajima is fought between the forces of Uesugi Kenshin and Takeda Shingen, resulting in a draw. 1565 – Ships belonging to the Matsura clan of Japan fail to capture the Portuguese trading carrack in the Battle of Fukuda Bay, the first recorded naval battle between Japan and the West. 1597 – King Philip II of Spain sends his third and final armada against England, but it ends in failure due to storms. The remaining ships are captured or sunk by the English. 1599 – Michael the Brave, Prince of Wallachia, defeats the Army of Andrew Báthory in the Battle of Șelimbăr, leading to the first recorded unification of the Romanian people.
1601–1900 1630 – Frendraught Castle in Scotland, the home of James Crichton of Frendraught, burns down.Robert Chambers, Domestic Annals of Scotland, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1859), pp. 43-50. 1648 – Boston shoemakers form the first American labor organization. 1748 – Signing of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle ends the War of the Austrian Succession. 1775 – African-American poet Phillis Wheatley is freed from slavery. 1775 – American Revolutionary War: The Burning of Falmouth (now Portland, Maine). 1779 – American Revolutionary War: The Franco-American Siege of Savannah is lifted. 1851 – Herman Melville's Moby-Dick is first published as The Whale by Richard Bentley of London. 1860 – The Second Opium War finally ends at the Convention of Peking with the ratification of the Treaty of Tientsin, an unequal treaty. 1867 – United States takes possession of Alaska after purchasing it from Russia for $7.2 million. Celebrated annually in the state as Alaska Day. 1887 – Johannes Brahms conducts the premiere of his Double Concerto, composed for violinist Joseph Joachim and cellist Robert Hausmann.Huth, Andrew: Concerto for violin and cello in A minor 'Double Concerto', Op 102 Hyperion 2022 1898 – The United States takes possession of Puerto Rico from Spain. 1900 – Count Bernhard von Bülow becomes chancellor of Germany.
1901–present 1912 – First Balkan War: King Peter I of Serbia issues a declaration "To the Serbian People", as his country joins the war. 1914 – The Schoenstatt Apostolic Movement is founded in Germany. 1921 – The Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic is formed as part of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. 1922 – The British Broadcasting Company (later Corporation) is founded by a consortium, to establish a nationwide network of radio transmitters to provide a national broadcasting service. 1929 – The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council overrules the Supreme Court of Canada in Edwards v. Canada when it declares that women are considered "Persons" under Canadian law. 1944 – World War II: Soviet Union begins the liberation of Czechoslovakia from Nazi Germany. 1944 – World War II: The state funeral of Field Marshal Erwin Rommel takes place in Ulm, Germany. 1945 – The USSR's nuclear program receives plans for the United States plutonium bomb from Klaus Fuchs at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. 1945 – A group of the Venezuelan Armed Forces, led by Mario Vargas, Marcos Pérez Jiménez and Carlos Delgado Chalbaud, stages a coup d'état against president Isaías Medina Angarita, who is overthrown by the end of the day. 1945 – Argentine military officer and politician Juan Perón marries actress Eva Duarte. 1954 – Texas Instruments announces the Regency TR-1, the first mass-produced transistor radio. 1963 – Félicette, a black and white female Parisian stray cat, becomes the first cat launched into space. 1967 – The Soviet probe Venera 4 reaches Venus and becomes the first spacecraft to measure the atmosphere of another planet. 1977 – German Autumn: A set of events revolving around the kidnapping of Hanns Martin Schleyer and the hijacking of a Lufthansa flight by the Red Army Faction (RAF) comes to an end when Schleyer is murdered and various RAF members allegedly commit suicide. 1978 – Based on the world's first children's art museum, the Henrik Igityan National Centre for Aesthetics opened in Yerevan. 1979 – The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) begins allowing people to have home satellite earth stations without a federal government license. 1989 – The Space Shuttle Atlantis launches on STS-34 to deploy the Jupiter-bound Galileo space probe. 1991 – The Supreme Council of Azerbaijan adopts a declaration of independence from the Soviet Union. 1992 – Merpati Nustantara Airlines Flight 5601 crashes into Mount Papandayan near the town of Garut in West Java, Indonesia, killing 31. 2003 – Bolivian gas conflict: Bolivian President Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada is forced to resign and leave Bolivia. 2007 – Karachi bombing: A suicide attack on a motorcade carrying former Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto kills 139 and wounds 450 more. Bhutto herself is uninjured. 2019 – NASA Astronauts Jessica Meir and Christina Koch take part in the first all-female spacewalk when they venture out of the International Space Station to replace a power controller. 2019 – Riots in Chile's capital Santiago escalate into open battles, with attacks reported at nearly all of the city's 164 Metro stations. President Sebastián Piñera later announces a 15-day state of emergency in the capital.
Births
Pre-1600 1127 – Emperor Go-Shirakawa of Japan (died 1192) 1130 – Zhu Xi, Chinese philosopher (died 1200) 1405 – Pope Pius II (died 1464) 1444 – John de Mowbray, 4th Duke of Norfolk (died 1476) 1482 – Philipp III, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg (died 1538) 1517 – Manuel da Nóbrega, Portuguese-Brazilian priest and missionary (died 1570) 1523 – Anna Jagiellon, daughter of Sigismund I of Poland (died 1596) 1536 – William Lambarde, English antiquarian and politician (died 1601) 1547 – Justus Lipsius, Belgian philologist and scholar (died 1606) 1553 – Luca Marenzio, Italian composer (died 1599) 1587 – Lady Mary Wroth, English poet (died 1651) 1595 – Edward Winslow, American Pilgrim leader (died 1655)
1601–1900 1616 – Nicholas Culpeper, English botanist (died 1654) 1630 – Henry Powle, English politician (died 1692) 1634 – Luca Giordano, Italian painter and illustrator (died 1705) 1653 – Abraham van Riebeeck, South African-Dutch merchant and politician, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (died 1713) 1662 – Matthew Henry, Welsh minister and scholar (died 1714) 1663 – Prince Eugene of Savoy (died 1736) 1668 – John George IV, Elector of Saxony (died 1694) 1701 – Charles le Beau, French historian and author (died 1778) 1706 – Baldassare Galuppi, Italian harpsichord player and composer (died 1785) 1741 – Pierre Choderlos de Laclos, French general and author (died 1803) 1770 – Thomas Phillips, English artist (died 1845) 1777 – Heinrich von Kleist, German author and poet (died 1811) 1785 – Thomas Love Peacock, English author and poet (died 1866) 1792 – Lucas Alamán, Mexican politician and historian (died 1853) 1804 – Mongkut, Thai king (died 1868) 1822 – Midhat Pasha, Ottoman civil servant and politician, 238th Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (died 1883) 1831 – Frederick III, German Emperor (died 1888) 1831 - Robert Potter, author and minister (died 1908) 1836 – Frederick August Otto Schwarz, American businessman, founded FAO Schwarz (died 1911) 1850 – Basil Hall Chamberlain, English-Swiss historian, author, and academic (died 1935) 1854 – Billy Murdoch, Australian cricketer (died 1911) 1859 – Henri Bergson, French philosopher and theologian, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1941) 1862 – Mehmet Esat Bülkat, Ottoman general (died 1952) 1865 – Arie de Jong, Dutch linguist and author (died 1957) 1865 – Logan Pearsall Smith, American-English author and critic (died 1946) 1868 – Ernst Didring, Swedish author (died 1931) 1869 – Johannes Linnankoski, Finnish author (died 1913)Linnankoski, Johannes – Doria (in Finnish) 1870 – D. T. Suzuki, Japanese author and scholar (died 1966) 1872 – Mikhail Kuzmin, Russian poet and author (died 1936) 1873 – Ivanoe Bonomi, Italian lawyer and politician, 25th Prime Minister of Italy (died 1951) 1875 – Len Braund, English cricketer, coach, and umpire (died 1955) 1878 – James Truslow Adams, American historian and author (died 1949) 1880 – Ze'ev Jabotinsky, Ukrainian-Russian general, journalist, and theorist (died 1940) 1881 – Max Gerson, German-born American physician (died 1959) 1882 – Väinö Kivisalo, Finnish politician (died 1953) 1882 – Lucien Petit-Breton, French cyclist (died 1917) 1887 – Takashi Sakai, Japanese general and politician, Governor of Hong Kong (died 1946) 1888 – Paul Vermoyal, French actor (died 1925) 1893 – Sidney Holland, New Zealand lieutenant and politician, 25th Prime Minister of New Zealand (died 1961) 1893 – George Ohsawa, Japanese philosopher and academic (died 1966) 1894 – H. L. Davis, American author and poet (died 1960) 1894 – Tibor Déry, Hungarian author and translator (died 1977) 1897 – Isabel Briggs Myers, American theorist and author (died 1980) 1898 – Lotte Lenya, Austrian singer and actress (died 1981)
1901–present 1902 – Miriam Hopkins, American actress (died 1972) 1902 – Pascual Jordan, German physicist and theorist (died 1980) 1903 – Lina Radke, German runner and coach (died 1983) 1904 – Aarne Juutilainen, Finnish army captain (died 1976) 1904 – A. J. Liebling, American journalist and author (died 1963) 1904 – Haim Shirman, Ukrainian-Israeli scholar and academic (died 1981) 1905 – Jan Gies, Dutch activist (died 1993) 1905 – Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Ivorian union leader and politician, 1st President of Côte d'Ivoire (died 1993) 1906 – James Brooks, American painter and educator (died 1992) 1909 – Norberto Bobbio, Italian philosopher and theorist (died 2004) 1914 – Raymond Lambert, Swiss mountaineer (died 1997) 1915 – Victor Sen Yung, American actor (died 1980) 1918 – Molly Geertsema, Dutch lawyer and politician, Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands (died 1991) 1918 – Konstantinos Mitsotakis, Greek lawyer and politician, 178th Prime Minister of Greece (died 2017) 1918 – Bobby Troup, American singer-songwriter, pianist, and actor (died 1999) 1919 – Ric Nordman, Canadian captain and politician (died 1996) 1919 – Anita O'Day, American singer (died 2006) 1919 – Pierre Trudeau, Canadian lawyer, academic, and politician, 15th Prime Minister of Canada (died 2000) 1919 – Camilla Williams, American soprano and educator (died 2012) 1920 – Melina Mercouri, Greek actress, singer, and politician, 9th Greek Minister of Culture (died 1994)