Events Pre-1600 130 – Emperor Hadrian establishes the city of Antinoöpolis on the Nile in honour of his companion Antinous, creating a new Hellenizing foundation in Roman Egypt. 637 – Arab–Byzantine wars: Antioch surrenders to the Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of the Iron Bridge. 758 – Guangzhou is sacked by Arab and Persian pirates. 1137 – Ranulf of Apulia defeats Roger II of Sicily at the Battle of Rignano, securing his position as duke until his death two years later. 1270 – The Eighth Crusade ends by an agreement between Charles I of Anjou (replacing his deceased brother King Louis IX of France) and the Hafsid dynasty of Tunis, Tunisia. 1340 – Reconquista: Portuguese and Castilian forces halt a Muslim invasion at the Battle of Río Salado.
1601–1900 1657 – Anglo-Spanish War: Spanish forces fail to retake Jamaica at the Battle of Ocho Rios. 1806 – War of the Fourth Coalition: Convinced that he is facing a much larger force, Prussian General von Romberg, commanding 5,300 men, surrenders the city of Stettin to 800 French soldiers. 1817 – Simón Bolívar becomes President of the Third Republic of Venezuela. 1831 – Nat Turner is arrested for leading the bloodiest slave rebellion in United States history. 1836 – Louis Napoleon launches the unsuccessful Strasbourg Coup to overthrow the July Monarchy in FrancePrice, Munro. The Perilous Crown: France Between Revolutions, 1814-1848. Pan Macmillan, 2010. P.249-50 1858 – Approximately 20 people die in Bradford, England, UK, after being poisoned from ingesting sweets that had been accidentally adulterated with arsenic trioxide. 1863 – Danish Prince Vilhelm arrives in Athens to assume his throne as George I, King of the Hellenes. 1864 – Second War of Schleswig: The Treaty of Vienna is signed, by which Denmark relinquishes one province each to Prussia and Austria. 1888 – The Rudd Concession is granted by Matabeleland to agents of Cecil Rhodes.
1901–present 1905 – Tsar Nicholas II issues the October Manifesto, nominally granting the Russian peoples basic civil liberties and the right to form a duma. (October 17 in the Julian calendar) 1918 – World War I: The Ottoman Empire signs the Armistice of Mudros with the Allies. 1918 – World War I: Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen, a state union of Kingdom of Hungary and Triune Kingdom of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia is abolished with decisions of Croatian and Hungarian parliaments. 1920 – The Communist Party of Australia is founded in Sydney. 1938 – Orson Welles broadcasts a radio adaptation of H. G. Wells's The War of the Worlds, causing a massive panic in some of the audience in the United States. 1941 – President Roosevelt approves $1 billion in Lend-Lease aid to the Allied nations. 1941 – Holocaust: Fifteen hundred Jews from Pidhaytsi are sent by Nazis to Bełżec extermination camp. 1942 – World War II: Lt. Tony Fasson and Able Seaman Colin Grazier drown while taking code books from the sinking German submarine U-559. 1944 – Holocaust: Anne and Margot Frank are deported from Auschwitz to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, where they die from disease the following year, shortly before the end of WWII. 1947 – The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), the foundation of the World Trade Organization (WTO), is founded. 1948 – A luzzu fishing boat overloaded with passengers capsizes and sinks in the Gozo Channel off Qala, Gozo, Malta, killing 23 of the 27 people on board. 1953 – President Eisenhower approves the top-secret document NSC 162/2 concerning the maintenance of a strong nuclear deterrent force against the Soviet Union. 1956 – Hungarian Revolution: The government of Imre Nagy recognizes newly established revolutionary workers' councils. Army officer Béla Király leads anti-Soviet militias in an attack on the headquarters of the Hungarian Working People's Party. 1959 – Piedmont Airlines Flight 349 crashes on approach to Charlottesville–Albemarle Airport in Albemarle County, Virginia, killing 26 of the 27 on board. 1961 – The Soviet Union detonates the Tsar Bomba, the most powerful explosive device ever detonated. 1968 – A squad of 120 North Korean Army commandos land in boats along a 25-mile long section of the eastern coast of South Korea in a failed attempt to overthrow the dictatorship of Park Chung Hee and bring about the reunification of Korea. 1973 – The Bosphorus Bridge in Turkey is completed, connecting the continents of Europe and Asia over the Bosphorus for the second time. 1975 – Prince Juan Carlos I of Spain becomes acting head of state, taking over for the country's ailing dictator, Gen. Francisco Franco. 1975 – Forty-five people are killed when Inex-Adria Aviopromet Flight 450 crashes into Suchdol, Prague, while on approach to Prague Ruzyně Airport (now Václav Havel Airport Prague) in Czechoslovakia (present-day Czech Republic). 1980 – El Salvador and Honduras agree to put the border dispute fought over in 1969's Football War before the International Court of Justice. 1983 – The first democratic elections in Argentina, after seven years of military rule, are held. 1983 – A magnitude 6.6 earthquake in the Turkish provinces of Erzurum and Kars leaves approximately 1,340 people dead. 1985 – Space Shuttle Challenger lifts off for mission STS-61-A, its final successful mission. 1991 – The Israeli-Palestinian conflict: The Madrid Conference commences in an effort to revive peace negotiations between Israel and Palestine. 1995 – Quebec citizens narrowly vote (50.58% to 49.42%) in favour of remaining a province of Canada in their second referendum on national sovereignty. 2005 – The rebuilt Dresden Frauenkirche (destroyed in the firebombing of Dresden during World War II) is reconsecrated after a thirteen-year rebuilding project. 2013 – Forty-five people are killed and seven injured after a bus catches fire in Mahabubnagar district, Andhra Pradesh (present-day Telangana), India. 2014 – Sweden becomes the first European Union member state to officially recognize Palestine as an independent and sovereign state. 2014 – Four people are killed when a Beechcraft Super King Air crashes at Wichita Dwight D. Eisenhower National Airport in Wichita, Kansas. 2015 – A fire in a nightclub in the Romanian capital of Bucharest kills sixty-four people and leaves more than 147 injured. 2020 – A magnitude 7.0 earthquake strikes the Aegean Sea between Greece and Turkey, triggering a tsunami. At least 119 people die mainly due to collapsed buildings. 2022 – A pedestrian suspension bridge collapses in the city of Morbi, Gujarat, leading to the deaths of at least 135 people. 2023 – First rescue of a prisoner during the Israeli invasion of Gaza.
Births Pre-1600 39 BC – Julia the Elder, Roman daughter of Augustus (died 14 AD) 1218 – Emperor Chūkyō of Japan (died 1234) 1327 – Andrew, Duke of Calabria (died 1345) 1447 – Lucas Watzenrode, Prince-Bishop of Warmia (died 1512) 1492 – Anne d'Alençon, French noblewoman (died 1562) 1513 – Jacques Amyot, French bishop and translator (died 1593) 1558 – Jacques-Nompar de Caumont, duc de La Force, Marshal of France (died 1652)
1601–1900 1624 – Paul Pellisson, French historian and author (died 1693) 1632 – Christopher Wren, English physicist, mathematician, and architect, designed St Paul's Cathedral (died 1723) 1660 – Ernest August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (died 1731) 1668 – Sophia Charlotte of Hanover (died 1705) 1712 – Giovanni Pietro Francesco Agius de Soldanis, Maltese linguist, historian and cleric (died 1770) 1728 – Mary Hayley, English businesswoman (died 1808) 1735 – John Adams, American lawyer and politician, 2nd President of the United States (died 1826) 1741 – Angelica Kauffman, painter (died 1807) 1751 – Richard Brinsley Sheridan, Irish-English poet, playwright, and politician, Treasurer of the Navy (died 1816) 1762 – André Chénier, Turkish-French poet and playwright (died 1794) 1786 – Philippe-Joseph Aubert de Gaspé, Canadian captain and author (died 1871) 1799 – Ignace Bourget, Canadian bishop (died 1885) 1839 – Alfred Sisley, French-English painter (died 1899) 1857 – Georges Gilles de la Tourette, French-Swiss physician and neurologist (died 1904) 1861 – Antoine Bourdelle, French sculptor and painter (died 1929) 1868 – António Cabreira, Portuguese polygraph (died 1953)Livro de Registo de Baptismos 1869 (folha 15 v.), Paróquia de Santa Maria do Castelo, Tavira - Arquivo Distrital de Faro 1871 – Buck Freeman, American baseball player (died 1949) 1871 – Paul Valéry, French poet and philosopher (died 1945) 1873 – Francisco I. Madero, Mexican businessman and politician, 33rd President of Mexico (died 1913) 1877 – Hugo Celmiņš, Latvian politician, Prime Minister of Latvia (died 1941) 1878 – Arthur Scherbius, German electrical engineer, invented the Enigma machine (died 1929) 1881 – Elizabeth Madox Roberts, American poet and author (died 1941) 1882 – Oldřich Duras, Czech chess player and composer (died 1957) 1882 – William Halsey Jr., American admiral (died 1959) 1882 – Günther von Kluge, Polish-German field marshal (died 1944) 1885 – Ezra Pound, American poet and critic (died 1972) 1886 – Zoë Akins, American author, poet, and playwright (died 1958) 1887 – Sukumar Ray, Indian-Bangladeshi author, poet, and playwright (died 1923) 1888 – Louis Menges, American soccer player, soldier, and politician (died 1969) 1888 – Konstantinos Tsiklitiras, Greek footballer and high jumper (died 1913) 1892 – Charles Atlas, Italian-American bodybuilder (died 1972) 1893 – Roland Freisler, German soldier, lawyer, and judge (died 1945) 1894 – Jean Rostand, French biologist and philosopher (died 1977) 1894 – Peter Warlock, English composer and critic (died 1930) 1895 – Gerhard Domagk, German pathologist and bacteriologist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1964) 1895 – Dickinson W. Richards, American physician and physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1973) 1896 – Rex Cherryman, American actor (died 1928) 1896 – Ruth Gordon, American actress and screenwriter (died 1985) 1896 – Kostas Karyotakis, Greek poet and educator (died 1928) 1896 – Harry R. Truman, American soldier and inn keeper on Mount St. Helens, killed in the eruption (died 1980) 1896 – Antonino Votto, Italian conductor (died 1985) 1897 – Agustín Lara, Mexican singer-songwriter and actor (died 1970) 1898 – Bill Terry, American baseball player and manager (died 1989) 1900 – Ragnar Granit, Finnish-Swedish physiologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1991)
1901–present 1905 – Johnny Miles, English-Canadian runner (died 2003) 1906 – Giuseppe Farina, Italian race car driver (died 1966) 1906 – Hermann Fegelein, German general (died 1945) 1906 – Alexander Gode, German-American linguist and translator (died 1970) 1907 – Sol Tax, American anthropologist and academic (died 1995) 1908 – Patsy Montana, American singer-songwriter and actress (died 1996) 1908 – U. Muthuramalingam Thevar, Indian politician (died 1963) 1908 – Peter Smith, English cricketer (died 1967) 1908 – Dmitry Ustinov, Marshal of the Soviet Union (died 1984) 1909 – Homi J. Bhabha, Indian-French physicist and academic (died 1966) 1910 – Miguel Hernández, Spanish poet and playwright (died 1942) 1910 – Luciano Sgrizzi, Italian-Monegasque organist and composer (died 1994) 1911 – Ruth Hussey, American actress (died 2005) 1914 – Richard E. Holz, American minister and composer (died 1986) 1914 – Leabua Jonathan, Basotho lawyer and politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Lesotho (died 1987) 1914 – Anna Wing, English actress (died 2013) 1915 – Fred W. Friendly, American journalist and producer (died 1998) 1915 – Jane Randolph, American-Swiss actress and singer (died 2009) 1916 – Leon Day, American baseball player (died 1995) 1917 – Bobby Bragan, American baseball player, coach, and manager (died 2010) 1917 – Minni Nurme, Estonian writer and poet (died 1994) 1917 – Nikolai Ogarkov, Russian field marshal (died 1994) 1917 – Maurice Trintignant, French race car driver (died 2005)