Events Pre-1600 19 – The Roman general Germanicus dies near Antioch. He was convinced that the mysterious illness that ended in his death was a result of poisoning by the Syrian governor Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso, whom he had ordered to leave the province. 415 – The second church structure of Hagia Sophia was inaugurated. 680 – The Battle of Karbala marks the martyrdom of Husayn ibn Ali. 732 – Charles Martel's forces defeat an Umayyad army near Tours, France. 1471 – Sten Sture the Elder, the Regent of Sweden, with the help of farmers and miners, repels an attack by King Christian I of Denmark. 1492 – The crew of Christopher Columbus's ship, the Santa Maria, attempt a mutiny. 1507 – The Kingdom of Hormuz recognises the sovereignty of the Portuguese king following a battle with the forces of Afonso de Albuquerque. 1575 – Roman Catholic forces under Henry I, Duke of Guise, defeat the Protestants, capturing Philippe de Mornay among others. 1580 – Over 600 Papal troops land in Ireland to support the Second Desmond Rebellion.
1601–1900 1760 – In a treaty with the Dutch colonial authorities, the Ndyuka people of Suriname – descended from escaped slaves – gain territorial autonomy. 1780 – The Great Hurricane of 1780 kills 20,000–30,000 in the Caribbean. 1814 – War of 1812: The United States Revenue Marine attempts to defend the cutter Eagle from the Royal Navy. 1845 – In Annapolis, Maryland, the Naval School (later the United States Naval Academy) opens with 50 students. 1846 – Triton, the largest moon of the planet Neptune, is discovered by English astronomer William Lassell. 1868 – The Ten Years' War begins against Spanish rule in Cuba.
1901–present 1903 – The Women's Social and Political Union is founded in support of the enfranchisement of British women. 1911 – The day after a bomb explodes prematurely, the Wuchang Uprising begins against the Chinese monarchy. 1913 – U.S. President Woodrow Wilson triggers the explosion of the Gamboa Dike, completing major construction on the Panama Canal. 1918 – RMS Leinster is torpedoed and sunk by UB-123, killing 564, the largest loss of life on the Irish Sea. 1920 – The Carinthian plebiscite determines that the larger part of the Duchy of Carinthia should remain part of Austria. 1928 – Chiang Kai-shek becomes Chairman of the Republic of China. 1933 – A United Airlines Boeing 247 is destroyed by sabotage, the first such proven case in the history of commercial aviation. 1935 – In Greece, a coup d'état ends the Second Hellenic Republic. 1938 – Abiding by the Munich Agreement, Czechoslovakia completes its withdrawal from the Sudetenland. 1945 – The Double Tenth Agreement is signed by the Communist Party and the Kuomintang about the future of China. 1954 – The Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Sultanate of Muscat, Neil Innes, sends a signal to the Sultanate's forces, accompanied with oil explorers, to penetrate Fahud, marking the beginning of Jebel Akhdar War. 1957 – U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower apologizes to Ghanaian finance minister Komla Agbeli Gbedemah after he is refused service in a Delaware restaurant. 1957 – The Windscale fire results in Britain's worst nuclear accident. 1963 – France cedes control of the Bizerte naval base to Tunisia. 1963 – The Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty comes into effect. 1964 – The Tokyo Summer Olympics opening ceremony is the first to be relayed live by satellites. 1967 – The Outer Space Treaty comes into force. 1969 – King Crimson releases their debut album, In the Court of the Crimson King. 1970 – Fiji becomes independent. 1970 – Canada's October Crisis escalates when Quebec Vice Premier Pierre Laporte is kidnapped by members of the Front de libération du Québec. 1971 – Aeroflot Flight 773 is destroyed by a bomb over Moscow Oblast, killing 25. 1973 – U.S. Vice President Spiro Agnew resigns after being charged with evasion of federal income tax. 1975 – Papua New Guinea joins the United Nations. 1979 – The Olkiluoto Nuclear Power Plant began operations in Eurajoki, Satakunta, Finland. 1980 – The 7.1 El Asnam earthquake shakes northern Algeria, killing 2,633 and injuring 8,369. 1980 – The Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front is founded in El Salvador. 1985 – US Navy aircraft intercept an Egyptian airliner carrying the perpetrators of the Achille Lauro hijacking, and force it to land in Italy. 1986 – A 5.7 San Salvador earthquake shakes El Salvador, killing 1,500. 1997 – Austral Líneas Aéreas Flight 2553 crashes and explodes in Uruguay, killing 74. 1998 – A Lignes Aériennes Congolaises jetliner is shot down by rebels in Kindu, Democratic Republic of the Congo, killing 41 people. 2002 – Iraq War: The United States Congress approves the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002. 2007 – Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor becomes the first Malaysian in space on board Soyuz TMA-11. 2009 – Armenia and Turkey sign the Zurich Protocols, intended to normalize relations. However, they are never ratified by either side. 2010 – The Netherlands Antilles are dissolved as a country. 2015 – Twin bomb blasts in the Turkish capital Ankara kill 109 and injure 500+. 2018 – Hurricane Michael makes landfall in the Florida Panhandle as a catastrophic Category 5 hurricane. It kills 57 people in the United States, 45 in Florida, and causes an estimated $25.1 billion in damage. 2018 – The National Fire and Rescue Administration is founded, replacing the and the as China's primary firefighting agency. 2022 – Ben S. Bernanke, Douglas W. Diamond and Philip H. Dybvig are jointly awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.
Births Pre-1600 AD 19 – Tiberius Gemellus, Roman son of Drusus Julius Caesar and Livilla; adoptive son of the Emperor Caligula (died 38) 786 – Saga, emperor of Japan (died 842) 867 – Li Siyuan, Chinese emperor (died 933) 1332 – King Charles II of Navarre (died 1387) 1344 – Mary of Waltham, duchess of Brittany (died 1361) 1355 – Zhu Biao, Chinese prince (died 1392) 1421 – John Paston, English politician (died 1466) 1486 – Charles III, Duke of Savoy (died 1553) 1554 – Arnold III, Count of Bentheim-Steinfurt-Tecklenburg-Limburg and Lord of Rheda (died 1606) 1560 – Jacobus Arminius, Dutch theologian (died 1609) 1567 – Catalina Micaela of Spain, Infanta of the House of Habsburg (died 1597) 1584 – Philip Herbert, 4th Earl of Pembroke (died 1649) 1599 – Étienne Moulinié, French composer and director (died 1676)
1601–1900 1629 – Richard Towneley, English mathematician and astronomer (died 1707) 1646 – Françoise-Marguerite de Sévigné, French noblewoman (died 1705) 1656 – Nicolas de Largillière, French painter and academic (died 1746) 1669 – Johann Nicolaus Bach, German organist and composer (died 1753) 1678 – John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll, Scottish general and politician, Lord High Commissioner to the Parliament of Scotland (died 1743) 1684 – Jean-Antoine Watteau, French painter (died 1721) 1700 – Lambert-Sigisbert Adam, French sculptor and illustrator (died 1759) 1731 – Henry Cavendish, French-English chemist, physicist, and philosopher (died 1810) 1738 – Benjamin West, American painter (died 1820) 1770 – Adam Johann von Krusenstern Imperial Russian Admiral and explorer (died 1846), vol. II, translated from German into English by Richard Belgrave Hoppner 1780 – John Abercrombie, Scottish physician and philosopher (died 1844) 1794 – William Whiting Boardman, American judge and politician (died 1871) 1810 – Alfred Kennerley, English-Australian politician, 10th Premier of Tasmania (died 1897) 1813 – Giuseppe Verdi, Italian composer and philanthropist (died 1901) 1819 – Heinrich Joseph Dominicus Denzinger, German theologian and author (died 1883) 1825 – Paul Kruger, South African soldier and politician, 5th President of the South African Republic (died 1904) 1828 – Samuel J. Randall, American captain, lawyer and politician, 33rd Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (died 1890) 1830 – Isabella II of Spain (died 1904) 1834 – Aleksis Kivi, Finnish author and playwright (died 1872) 1837 – Robert Gould Shaw, American colonel (died 1863) 1842 – Emily Dobson, Australian philanthropist (died 1934) 1858 – Maurice Prendergast, American painter and academic (died 1924) 1861 – Fridtjof Nansen, Norwegian explorer, scientist, and humanitarian, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1930) 1864 – T. Frank Appleby, American businessman and politician (died 1924) 1870 – Louise Mack, Australian journalist, author, and poet (died 1935) 1872 – Dionysios Kasdaglis, Egyptian-Greek tennis player (died 1931) 1877 – William Morris, 1st Viscount Nuffield, English businessman and philanthropist, founded Morris Motors (died 1963) 1884 – Nikolai Klyuev, Russian poet and author (died 1937) 1884 – Ida Wüst, German actress and screenwriter (died 1958) 1885 – Walter Anderson, Belarusian-German ethnologist and academic (died 1962) 1885 – Jean Peyrière, French actor (died 1965) 1889 – Han van Meegeren, Dutch painter and forger (died 1947) 1895 – Alfred Neuland, Estonian weightlifter (died 1966) 1895 – Fridolf Rhudin, Swedish actor (died 1935) 1895 – Wolfram Freiherr von Richthofen, German field marshal (died 1945) 1898 – Lilly Daché, French-American fashion designer (died 1989) 1900 – Helen Hayes, American actress (died 1993)
1901–present 1901 – Alberto Giacometti, Swiss sculptor and painter (died 1966) 1902 – K. Shivaram Karanth, Indian journalist, author, and activist (died 1997) 1903 – Prince Charles, Count of Flanders (died 1983) 1903 – Vernon Duke, Russian-American composer and songwriter (died 1969) 1903 – Bei Shizhang, Chinese biologist and academic (died 2009) 1905 – Aksella Luts, Estonian actress, screenwriter, dancer, and choreographer (died 2005) 1906 – Paul Creston, American composer and educator (died 1985) 1906 – Fei Mu, Chinese director and screenwriter (died 1951) 1906 – R. K. Narayan, Indian author (died 2001) 1908 – Johnny Green, American conductor and composer (died 1989) 1908 – Mercè Rodoreda, Catalan author and poet (died 1983) 1909 – Robert F. Boyle, American production designer and art director (died 2010) 1910 – Price Daniel, American politician, 38th Governor of Texas (died 1988) 1910 – Harold LeVander, American politician, 32nd Governor of Minnesota (died 1992)Knight News Wire. "Ex-Minnesota Gov. LeVander dead at age 82." The Daily Dispatch. Moline, Illinois. April 1, 1992. Print. 1910 – Julius Shulman, American photographer and environmentalist (died 2009) 1911 – Clare Hollingworth, English journalist and author (died 2017) 1912 – Ram Vilas Sharma, Indian poet and critic (died 2000) 1913 – Claude Simon, Malagasy-French novelist and critic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2005) 1914 – Tommy Fine, American baseball player and businessman (died 2005) 1914 – Ivory Joe Hunter, American singer-songwriter and pianist (died 1974) 1915 – Harry Edison, American trumpet player and composer (died 1999) 1917 – Thelonious Monk, American pianist and composer (died 1982) 1919 – Willard Estey, Canadian academic and jurist (died 2002) 1919 – Gerry Gomez, Trinidadian cricketer, manager, and umpire (died 1996) 1919 – Kim Ki-young, South Korean director, screenwriter, producer, and editor (died 1997) 1919 – William Kruskal, American mathematician and statistician (died 2005) 1919 – Edgar Laprade, Canadian ice hockey player (died 2014) 1920 – Gail Halvorsen, American air force pilot known as the "Berlin Candy Bomber" (died 2022) 1922 – Merv Pregulman, American football player, businessman, and philanthropist (died 2012) 1923 – Louis Gottlieb, American singer and bass player (died 1996) 1923 – Nicholas Parsons, English actor and game show host (died 2020) 1923 – Murray Walker, English journalist and sportscaster (died 2021) 1924 – James Clavell, Australian-American director, producer, screenwriter, and author (died 1994) 1924 – Ludmilla Tchérina, French actress, ballerina, and choreographer (died 2004) 1924 – Ed Wood, American actor, director, producer, screenwriter (died 1978)