__NOTOC__ This is a timeline of Argentine history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Argentina and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of Argentina. See also the list of heads of state of Argentina.

Millennia: 1st BC1st–2nd3rd

Centuries: 5th BC4th BC3rd BC2nd BC1st BC

BC Year Date Eventc. 10,000 BCThe earliest traces of humans are dated from the Paleolithic period, and there are further signs in the Mesolithic and Neolithic.Santillán, p. 17 However, large areas of the interior were apparently depopulated during an extensive dry period between 4000 and 2000 BC.A Gil, M Zárate & G Neme (2005), Mid-Holocene paleoenvironments and the archeological record of southern Mendoza, Argentina. Quat. Intern. 132: 81-94. 500 BC Irrigation permitted development of sedentary agriculture of staple crops in western and northwestern Andean region Centuries: 1st2nd3rd4th5th6th7th8th – 9th – 10th – 11th – 12th – 13th – 14th – 15th – 16th – 17th – 18th – 19th – 20th

1st century Year Date Event 1 Several corn-based civilizations developed in the western and northwestern Andean region (Ansilta, Condorhuasi, Cienaga, Aguada, Santa Maria, Huarpes, Diaguitas, Sanavirones, among others)

6th century Year Date Event 600 Development of metallurgical technologies, permitting elaborate bronzeworks

7th century Year Date Event 700 Cueva de las Manos was last inhabited, with the final cave dwellers possibly being ancestors of the Tehuelche tribes.

9th century Year Date Event 850 Emergence of fortified urban settlements

15th century Year Date Event 1480 The Inca Empire, under the rule of emperor Pachacutec, launched an offensive and conquered present-day northwestern Argentina, integrating it into a region called Qullasuyu

16th century Year Date Event 1516 Spanish navigator Juan Díaz de Solís first European explorer to visit Río de la Plata, on territory which is now Argentina; Díaz de Solís killed and supposedly cannibalised by native Charrúa, Querandí or Guaraní 1526 Sebastian Cabot sailed up Paraná River and built short-lived fort near modern Rosario 1536 Santa María del Buen Ayre founded by Pedro de Mendoza on site of modern Buenos Aires 1541 Santa María del Buen Ayre settlement abandoned after indigenous attacks 1553 Santiago del Estero founded by Francisco de Aguirre (some claim 1550) 1561 Mendoza founded 1562 San Juan founded 1573 Córdoba and Santa Fe founded 1580 Permanent colony re-established by Spain on the site of Buenos Aires as part of the Viceroyalty of Peru; initial settlement was primarily overland from Peru 1582 Salta founded 1591 La Rioja founded 1593 San Salvador de Jujuy founded

17th century Year Date Event 1609 First Jesuit missions to the Guaraní founded in the Upper Paraná area. San Ignacio in Misiones 1613 National University of Córdoba founded by Jesuits 1657 Diaguita rebellion led by Spanish rebel, Pedro Bohórquez 1661 San Ignacio school in Córdoba founded by Jesuits 1680 The Portuguese established a trading post across the Rio de la Plata from Buenos Aires 1685 City of Tucumán moved to present location

18th century Year Date Event 1767 Jesuits expelled from Spanish territories 1776 Establishment of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata () comprising today's Argentina, Uruguay, and Paraguay, as well as much of present-day Bolivia, declared with Buenos Aires as its capital 1794 Establishment of the Commerce Consulate of Buenos Aires

19th century Year Date Event 1806 British invasions of the River Plate unsuccessfully attempt to establish control over Spain's southern colonies as part of the Napoleonic Wars. Spanish troops offer no defence but British repelled by local civilians and militias (to 1807) 1810 May Secret meetings in 1810 organised a petition for an open meeting – Cabildo Abierto The petition was refused by viceroy Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros, but popular protest forced his hand on 22 May. 22 May The Cabildo opened its session with 251 of the city's most prominent citizens, and discussed the future government of the provinces. 23 May The assembly voted for the removal of the viceroy and the creation of the Primera Junta of locals to govern Buenos Aires, proclaiming loyalty to Ferdinand VII. This was properly agreed and the Junta sworn in on 25 May. Unsuccessful military campaigns in Paraguay and Alto Perú failed to gather support for joint action by the entire viceroyalty against Spanish forces (to 1811). May News of Napoleon's invasion of Spain caused a power vacuum in Buenos Aires leading to a series of events known as the May Revolution. December Junta Grande, with delegates from other provinces of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata, replaced Primera Junta. 1811 September First Triumvirate of Feliciano Chiclana, Juan José Paso and Manuel de Sarratea replaced Junta Grande. 1812 23 August The Jujuy Exodus was led by Manuel Belgrano, with several thousand soldiers and civilians retreating from Jujuy and Salta, to avoid military defeat and defections. 8 October Second Triumvirate of Nicolás Rodriguez Peña, Antonio Álvarez Jonte and Juan José Paso replaced First Triumvirate. 1813 31 January The Assembly of the Year XIII called in February to plan further military campaigns and organise defence of Buenos Aires 3 February The Battle of San Lorenzo, the first battle of José de San Martín in the Argentine War of Independence. 1814 31 January Second Triumvirate replaced by position of Supreme Director, first occupied by Gervasio Antonio de Posadas 14–17 May Battle of Buceo saw United Provinces' fleet defeat Spanish navy securing coast. 1815 Defeats in battles in late 1815 led to final loss of modern Bolivia 1816 March An assembly of provincial delegates met as the Congress of Tucumán to discuss future military and political developments 9 July The Congress declared the independence of Argentina 1820 The Battle of Cepeda took place between Unitarians who supported a strong centralised state, and Federals, largely provincial caudillo warlords who wanted decentralised authority. The Federals won and the February 1820 Treaty of Pilar declared Argentina as a federal country, although Unitarian ideals continued 1825 The United Kingdom recognises Argentine independence. Deputies from the eastern bank of the Río de la Plata declare independence from Brazil, leading to the Cisplatine War. The 1827 Battle of Ituzaingó saw tactical success for Argentina. The war ended in 1828 with a treaty giving independence to Uruguay 1828 Luis Vernet establishes settlement on the Falkland Islands 1829 6 December Juan Manuel de Rosas became governor of Buenos Aires Province 1830 Yaghan aboriginal Jemmy Button (Orundellico) taken from Tierra del Fuego to England by Robert FitzRoy on 1831 4 January Pacto Federal signed between provinces to protect federal nature of country The Voyage of the Beagle with Charles Darwin and Robert FitzRoy visited the Río de la Plata, Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego (to 1834) Argentine Governor of the Falkland Islands Luis Vernet is expelled by following his seizure of United States interests. New governor murdered in 1832 mutiny 1833 Juan Manuel de Rosas begins the First Conquest of the Desert 2 January British forces re-occupy the Falkland Islands 1839 Rosas made Supreme Chief of the Argentine Confederation 1852 Rosas overthrown by Justo José de Urquiza following Battle of Caseros 1853 1 May Constitution of Argentina agreed by assembly in Santa Fe, creating modern system of government 1854 Urquiza became first President of Argentina in modern sense but opposed by Buenos Aires, still opposed to federal project 1859 Defeat of Unitarian forces led by Bartolomé Mitre by Urquiza and federals at Battle of Cepeda; Buenos Aires re-enters confederation 1861 20 March Mendoza earthquake kills 6,000 to 12,000 citizens of Mendoza. 1864 13 November Start of Paraguayan War between Paraguay and the Triple Alliance of Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay, leading to utter defeat of Paraguay by 1870 1878 Commencement of the Conquest of the Desert against indigenous inhabitants of the south led by Julio Argentino Roca; final surrender by 1884 1880 Roca became president, finally defeated federals and moved capital to Buenos Aires from Rosario 1884 September Gold is discovered near Cape Virgenes sparking the Tierra del Fuego gold rush 1890 26 June Founding of the Radical Civic Union (UCR) or Radical Party The Panic of 1890 brought the Baring Brothers bank in London close to collapse after disastrous investments in Argentina 1895 Mandatory military service (Conscription) established

20th century