is one of nine wards of Kobe, Japan. It has an area of 14.68 km2 and a population of 109,144 (as of 2020).

The area's location with a natural harbour near the Akashi Strait which links Osaka Bay and the Seto Inland Sea has been an important location throughout the history of Japan. The capital of Japan was located in the area for a short period in the 12th century. Today the area is an important manufacturing zone.

The modern ward of Hyogo was formed as Sōsai-ku () when Kobe adopted the system of wards in 1931. Its name was changed to Hyogo in 1933 and its current boundaries were settled in 1971. The floral emblem of the ward is the pansy.

Etymology The literal meaning of the two kanji that make up the name Hyogo is "weapons warehouse". From the Heian period, the area was also known as .

History

Pre Edo period The features of the natural harbour around Wadamisaki Peninsula has meant the port in Hyogo has been an important gateway to the Seto Inland Sea since the 8th-century Nara period. In the 12th century, in the latter part of the Heian period, Taira no Kiyomori recognized the strategic benefit of the location and developed the harbor, including the building of , a man-made island completed in 1173 and described as 37 hectares in size in The Tale of the Heike. Kiyomori, the de facto ruler of Japan between 1160 and 1180, moved his official residence to Fukuhara, in what is modern-day Hyogo. Fukuhara became the capital of Japan for a brief period near the end of Kiyomori's rule. A monument erected shortly after his death, the Kiyomori-zuka, stands in the gardens of a shrine opposite Kiyomori Bridge, also named in his honour.

Edo-Meiji periods During the Edo period Hyogo was within the Yatabe District of Settsu Province. Although Japan was placed under isolation by the ruling Tokugawa shogunate, Hyogo Port remained an important route for domestic trade. Given its importance, Hyogo Port was under the direct administration of the Shogunate via the Osaka machi-bugyō. In 1868, at the end of the Edo period, Hyogo port was one of the first to be opened to foreign vessels, ending Japan's 250-year long isolation.

As part of the Shogunate's efforts to protect Japan from Western colonial forces, the defence of Hyogo Port was upgraded with the construction of the Wadamisaki Battery, one of six land batteries built around Osaka Bay under the design of Count Katsu Kaishū. It was completed in 1864 after 18 months of construction at a cost of 25,000 ryō. The outer enceinte was built of granite from the Shiwaku Islands and the inner two-storey structure was made of keyaki (Japanese elm) wood harvested from the Nunobiki and Tekkai Mountains in Kobe. In 1921 the battery was the first place in Hyogo Prefecture to be designated as a historic site by the prefectural government.

Also, the Wadamisaki Lighthouse was completed in 1871 under the guidance of the "father of Japanese lighthouses", Englishman Richard Henry Brunton, who was brought to Japan by the Shogunate under an 1867 agreement with the United Kingdom to build five western-style lighthouses around Osaka Bay. The original lighthouse, which was first illuminated in 1872, was a wooden octagonal structure. This was replaced with a 17m tall, three-story, steel hexagonal structure in 1884. The steel lighthouse was moved to the Suma Kaihin (Seaside) Park in Suma-ku in 1967 and in September 1998 it was registered as a national tangible cultural asset under the name .

Modern period On 1 September 1931, the city of Kobe was the 6th city in Japan to adopt the system of dividing the city into wards. The area of the previous Hyogo town which lay west of the Minato River became Sōsai-ku (). The area of Hyogo town which lay east of the Minato River became part of Sōtō-ku (). On 1 January 1933, Sōsai's name was changed to Hyogo in recognition of the area's historic name.

Bombing during World War II

The concentration of military and industrial manufacturing facilities including Kobe Steel, Kawanishi Aircraft Company Kawasaki Aircraft Industries and the Kawasaki and Mitsubishi Shipyards made the city of Kobe a primary target of bombing by the United States during World War II. It suffered the highest fatality rate of the five major Japanese cities (the others being Tokyo, Yokohama, Nagoya and Osaka).

The first attack upon Kobe was by one B-25 bomber as a part of the Dolittle Raid on 18 April 1942. With Japan's success in expanding its territory through south-east Asia at the time, an attack by foreign aircraft was not expected at the time and it was reported that some residents even waved flags at the plane as it flew overhead, thinking it was a Japanese aircraft. One resident of Hyogo ward was the only fatality of the bombing of Kobe on that day.

In 1945, the United States changed tactics from strategic bombing of military sites to indiscriminate bombing of cities, including the use of incendiary cluster bombs. The first successful firebombing raid against Japan was an attack on Kobe on 4 February 1945. The bombing was centred upon Hyogo and Minato wards.

With the final attack upon eastern Kobe in June 1945, the United States command determined that Kobe had been destroyed to the extent that further attacks upon the city were not required. By the end of the war, Kobe had suffered more than 7,400 deaths due to the air raids (Hyogo-ku had suffered 1250 deaths.). Hyogo suffered the highest toll in terms of both lives lost and buildings destroyed.

1995 Kobe earthquake

At 5:46 on 17 January 1995, the (also known as the Kobe earthquake) devastated Kobe and the surrounding cities of the Hanshin region. Along with buildings that collapsed due to the earthquake, large areas of wooden houses and buildings burnt uncontrolled for many days, particularly in Nagata and Hyogo wards. A total of 6,434 people died in the earthquake, of which the city of Kobe recorded fire as the cause of death of 528 people.

Infrastructure in Hyogo was also significantly damaged by the earthquake. The underground Daikai Station collapsed and brought down National Route 28 that runs above it. The loss of lives and infrastructure saw Hyogo lose a significant portion of its population; the ward's population has failed to return to its 1994 level twenty years later.

Geography Hyogo is bounded by Osaka Bay to the south, Kita Ward to the north, Nagata Ward to the west and Chūō Ward to the east. It features the eastern portion of a network of canals named the "Hyogo Canals" (Hyogo Unga) in the south, and its northern border is at the base of the Rokko mountains.

Hyogo Canals

The Hyogo Unga is the generic name for the network of five canals located along the southern coast of Hyogo and Nagata Wards, facing Osaka Bay. The canals have a total length of 6,470 metres and total area of almost 34 hectares, making it one of the largest canal networks in Japan. They were first planned in the 1870s and completed in December 1899.

The five canals are: Shinkawa Canal – The first canal to be completed, it was built between 1874 and 1876. Hyogo Canal Hyogo Feeder Canal Karumojima Canal – The longest canal at 2,200m. Shinminatogawa Canal – The shortest canal at 320m.

Boundary changes Sōsai-ku was one of eight wards established when the system of wards was adopted by the city on 1 September 1931. Following the name change to Hyogo in 1933, the next change occurred on 1 May 1945 when the city restructured the wards, with Hyogo expanded to include Minato-ku, the western portion of Sōtō-ku, and the portion of Hayashida-ku that lay east of the Hyogo Canals.。

On 1 March 1947, the city of Kobe expanded due to the merger of the town of Arima and nine other villages from the districts of Muko, Arima and Akashi. Of these, Arima town and the villages Yamada in Muko and Arino in Arima District became a part of Hyogo ward. On 1 July 1951 the villages of Hata, Dōjō and Ōzō that were located in Arima District merged into Kobe and Hyogo ward. On 15 October 1955 Nagao village in Arima merged into Kobe and Hyogo ward. This was followed by the village Ōgo of Minō District on 1 February 1958. This expansion northwards made Hyogo the largest of Kobe's wards in size, encompassing 256.4 km2 of Kobe's 557 km2.

On 1 August 1973, the area of Hyogo north of the Rokko mountains, consisting of all of the former villages from the districts of Arima, Minō and Muko, were split from Hyogo to create the new Kita-ku. This reduced Hyogo to its current size of 14.68 km2.

Economy

Industry Hyogo is one of the main industrial areas of Kobe. Fujitsu Ten is headquartered within the ward, and other large corporations including Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Mitsubishi Electric and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries have manufacturing facilities in Hyogo. In particular, railcars for the bullet train are manufactured in Hyogo by Kawasaki.In 2018 one of the renowned aerospace firms of USA established its subsidiary in Kobe called Swift Xi.

Arts and culture

Temples and shrines

Buddhist temples As well as several monuments to Kiyomori, Hyogo is also the location of Nōfuku-ji temple, home of the Hyogo Daibutsu, an 11-metre-tall statue of Buddha. This statue is the second generation, erected in 1991. The first one was erected in 1891 and was one of the three great Buddhist statues of Japan (), but was dismantled due to World War II.

Shinto shrines and festivals Yanagihara Ebisu Shrine is in the centre of Hyogo, close to Hyogo Station. It hosts the , an annual festival held from 9 to 11 January in honour of Ebisu, the Shinto god of commerce. At the event people pray for success in their business, the health and safety of their family, and success in studies and obtaining employment. Tōka-Ebisu is the most important cultural event in Hyogo throughout the year.

A is held annually from 18 to 19 January at two Hachiman shrines within Hyogo, the Minatogawa Hachiman Shrine and Misaki Hachiman Shrine. People who are approaching an "unlucky age" (yakudoshi) attend the shrine during the two days in order to undergo a yakuharai ritual to ward off unlucky spirits.

Other places of worship A Soka Gakkai church is located in the Misaki neighbourhood, close to the eastern end of the Hyogo canal. A Jehovah's Witnesses church is also located in the Misaki-Honmachi neighbourhood.

Entertainment The Shinkaichi area in eastern Hyogo, with its numerous cinemas, theatres and restaurants, was known as the "Western Asakusa" in the period before World War II.

Demographics Hyogo-ku's population is decreasing now. There is the second Vietnamese community in Kobe.

+yearpopulationreference1935145,064, Obtained from 国勢調査 / 昭和10年国勢調査 / 市町村別人口 24三重県～31鳥取県1940149,363, Obtained from 国勢調査 / 昭和15年国勢調査 / 人口総数・男女の別・年令・配偶の関係・民籍または国籍 24三重県～35山口県194570,8481947130,633, Obtained from 国勢調査 / 昭和22年臨時国勢調査 / 全国都道府県郡市区町村別人口（確定数）24三重県～29奈良県 1950160,127, Obtained from 国勢調査 / 昭和25年国勢調査 / 人口総数 28兵庫県～33岡山県 1955211,414, Obtained from 国勢調査 / 昭和30年国勢調査 / 人口総数 16富山県～29奈良県1960238,592, Obtained from 国勢調査 / 昭和35年国勢調査 / 人口総数 23愛知県～46鹿児島県1965254,076, Obtained from 国勢調査 / 昭和40年国勢調査 / 人口総数 15新潟県～29奈良県1970269,639, Obtained from 国勢調査 / 昭和45年国勢調査 / 人口総数 15新潟県～29奈良県1975165,868, Obtained from 市区町別累年データ（人口・世帯）1980142,4181985130,4291990123,919199598,8562000106,8972005106,9852010108,3042015106,9562020109,144, Obtained from 国勢調査 / 令和2年国勢調査 / 人口等基本集計 （主な内容：男女・年齢・配偶関係，世帯の構成，住居の状態，母子・父子世帯，国籍など）

+ Foreigners in Hyogo-ku, Kobe Nationality Population (2018) 1,990 1,631 1,410 Others 793

Sports

Misaki Park Stadium is the home of the Vissel Kobe professional soccer and Kobelco Steelers professional rugby teams. The stadium hosted matches during the 2002 FIFA World Cup and will also be one of the hosts of the 2019 Rugby World Cup.