The Unicode Standard encodes almost all standard characters used in mathematics. Unicode Technical Report #25 provides comprehensive information about the character repertoire, their properties, and guidelines for implementation. Mathematical operators and symbols are in multiple Unicode blocks. Some of these blocks are dedicated to, or primarily contain, mathematical characters while others are a mix of mathematical and non-mathematical characters. This article covers all Unicode characters with a derived property of "Math".
Dedicated blocks
Mathematical Operators block
The Mathematical Operators block (U+2200–U+22FF) contains characters for mathematical, logical, and set notation.
Supplemental Mathematical Operators block
The Supplemental Mathematical Operators block (U+2A00–U+2AFF) contains various mathematical symbols, including N-ary operators, summations and integrals, intersections and unions, logical and relational operators, and subset/superset relations.
Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols block
The Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols block (U+1D400–U+1D7FF) contains Latin and Greek letters and decimal digits that enable mathematicians to denote different notions with different letter styles. The reserved code points (the "holes") in the alphabetic ranges up to U+1D551 duplicate characters in the Letterlike Symbols block. In order, these are: .
Letterlike Symbols block
The Letterlike Symbols block (U+2100–U+214F) includes variables. Most alphabetic math symbols are in the Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols block shown above.
The math subset of this block is U+2102, U+2107, U+210A–U+2113, U+2115, U+2118–U+211D, U+2124, U+2128–U+2129, U+212C–U+212D, U+212F–U+2131, U+2133–U+2138, U+213C–U+2149, and U+214B.See https://www.unicode.org/Public/UCD/latest/ucd/DerivedCoreProperties.txt
Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A block
The Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A block (U+27C0–U+27EF) contains characters for mathematical, logical, and database notation.
Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-B block
The Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-B block (U+2980–U+29FF) contains miscellaneous mathematical symbols, including brackets, angles, and circle symbols.
Miscellaneous Technical block
The Miscellaneous Technical block (U+2300–U+23FF) includes braces and operators.
The math subset of this block is U+2308–U+230B, U+2320–U+2321, U+237C, U+239B–U+23B5, 23B7, U+23D0, and U+23DC–U+23E2.
Geometric Shapes block
The Geometric Shapes block (U+25A0–U+25FF) contains geometric shape symbols.
The math subset of this block is U+25A0–25A1, U+25AE–25B7, U+25BC–25C1, U+25C6–25C7, U+25CA–25CB, U+25CF–25D3, U+25E2, U+25E4, U+25E7–25EC, and U+25F8–25FF.
Arrows block
The Arrows block (U+2190–U+21FF) contains line, curve, and semicircle arrows and arrow-like operators.
The math subset of this block is U+2190–U+21A7, U+21A9–U+21AE, U+21B0–U+21B1, U+21B6–U+21B7, U+21BC–U+21DB, U+21DD, U+21E4–U+21E5, U+21F4–U+21FF.More symbols are supported by TeX math packages, see e.g. Will Robertson, Symbols defined by unicode-math.
Supplemental Arrows-A block
The Supplemental Arrows-A block (U+27F0–U+27FF) contains arrows and arrow-like operators.
Supplemental Arrows-B block
The Supplemental Arrows-B block (U+2900–U+297F) contains arrows and arrow-like operators (arrow tails, crossing arrows, curved arrows, and harpoons).
Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows block
The Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows block (U+2B00–U+2BFF) contains arrows and geometric shapes with various fills.
The math subset of this block is U+2B30–U+2B44, U+2B47–U+2B4C.The quadruple arrows U+2B45 and U+2B46 are supported by TeX math packages, per Will Robertson, Symbols defined by unicode-math.
Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows Extended block
The Miscellaneous Symbols and Arrows block (U+1DB00–U+1DBFF) supports symbols used in the 17th century by G.W. Leibniz and other authors.
Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols block
The Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols block contains arrows, dots, enclosures, and overlays for modifying symbol characters.
The math subset of this block is U+20D0–U+20DC, U+20E1, U+20E5–U+20E6, and U+20EB–U+20EF.
Arabic Mathematical Alphabetic Symbols block
The Arabic Mathematical Alphabetic Symbols block (U+1EE00–U+1EEFF) contains characters used in Arabic mathematical expressions.
Characters in other blocks Mathematical characters also appear in other blocks. Below is a list of these characters as of Unicode version :
Basic Latin block U+002B PLUS SIGN U+002D HYPHEN-MINUSAs per Unicode 18.0.0, the ASCII hyphen-minus is not a mathematical symbol. To express the minus sign in math, is used instead. U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN U+003D EQUALS SIGN U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN U+005E CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT U+007C VERTICAL LINE U+007E TILDE Latin-1 Supplement block U+00AC NOT SIGN U+00B0 DEGREE SIGNAs per Unicode 18.0.0, the degree sign is not a mathematical symbol, since it is a measurement unit symbol rather than a math symbol. Consistently, TeX packages support many non-math symbols. But this article is designed to cover only Unicode characters with a derived property of "Math". U+00B1 PLUS-MINUS SIGN U+00D7 MULTIPLICATION SIGN U+00F7 DIVISION SIGN Greek and Coptic block U+03D0 GREEK BETA SYMBOL U+03D1 GREEK THETA SYMBOL U+03D2 GREEK UPSILON WITH HOOK SYMBOL U+03D5 GREEK PHI SYMBOL U+03F0 GREEK KAPPA SYMBOL U+03F1 GREEK RHO SYMBOL U+03F4 GREEK CAPITAL THETA SYMBOL U+03F5 GREEK LUNATE EPSILON SYMBOL U+03F6 GREEK REVERSED LUNATE EPSILON SYMBOL Arabic block U+0606 ARABIC-INDIC CUBE ROOT U+0607 ARABIC-INDIC FOURTH ROOT U+0608 ARABIC RAY General Punctuation block U+2016 DOUBLE VERTICAL LINE U+2032 PRIME U+2033 DOUBLE PRIME U+2034 TRIPLE PRIME U+2040 CHARACTER TIE U+2044 FRACTION SLASH U+2052 COMMERCIAL MINUS SIGN U+2061 FUNCTION APPLICATION U+2062 INVISIBLE TIMES U+2063 INVISIBLE SEPARATOR U+2064 INVISIBLE PLUS Note: non-marking character Superscripts and Subscripts block U+207A SUPERSCRIPT PLUS SIGN U+207B SUPERSCRIPT MINUS U+207C SUPERSCRIPT EQUALS SIGN U+207D SUPERSCRIPT LEFT PARENTHESIS U+207E SUPERSCRIPT RIGHT PARENTHESIS U+208A SUBSCRIPT PLUS SIGN U+208B SUBSCRIPT MINUS U+208C SUBSCRIPT EQUALS SIGN U+208D SUBSCRIPT LEFT PARENTHESIS U+208E SUBSCRIPT RIGHT PARENTHESIS Miscellaneous Symbols block U+2605 BLACK STAR U+2606 WHITE STAR U+2640 FEMALE SIGN U+2642 MALE SIGN U+2660 BLACK SPADE SUIT U+2661 WHITE HEART SUIT U+2662 WHITE DIAMOND SUIT U+2663 BLACK CLUB SUIT U+266D MUSIC FLAT SIGN U+266E MUSIC NATURAL SIGN U+266F MUSIC SHARP SIGN Miscellaneous Symbols Supplement block U+1CEDD SQUARE ROOT OF SQUARE ROOT U+1CEDE SQUARE ROOT OF SQUARE ROOT OF SQUARE ROOT U+1CEDF SQUARE ROOT OF SQUARE ROOT OF SQUARE ROOT OF SQUARE ROOT U+1CEF0 MEDIUM SMALL WHITE CIRCLE WITH HORIZONTAL BAR U+1CEF1 LEIBNIZIAN DIVISION SIGN U+1CEF2 LEIBNIZIAN MULTIPLICATION SIGN U+1CEF3 LEIBNIZIAN MULTIPLICATION-DIVISION SIGN U+1CEF4 LEIBNIZIAN FRACTION REDUCTION SIGN-1 U+1CEF5 LEIBNIZIAN FRACTION REDUCTION SIGN-2 U+1CEF6 SECTOR WITH CHORD U+1CEF7 SECTOR WITH DOUBLE ARC U+1CEF8 SECTOR WITH CHORD AND DOTTED ARC U+1CEF9 MEASURED ANGLE WITH DOUBLE ARC U+1CEFA MEASURED ANGLE WITH CONCAVE ARC U+1CEFB MEASURED ANGLE WITH DOUBLE CONCAVE ARC U+1CEFC ANGLE OPENING UP U+1CEFD HYPERBOLA Geometric Shapes Extended block U+1F7DB BULLET IN DOUBLE CIRCLE U+1F7F1 CIRCLE WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL LINE U+1F7F2 DOUBLE CIRCLE WITH DOUBLE HORIZONTAL LINE U+1F7F3 CIRCLED BOTTOM RIGHT OBLIQUE HALF BLACK CIRCLE U+1F7F4 LEFT HALF WHITE CIRCLE U+1F7F5 RIGHT HALF WHITE CIRCLE U+1F7F6 TRANSPARENT CUBE U+1F7F7 WHITE CUBE U+1F7F8 HORIZONTAL DOUBLE WHITE SMALL SQUARE U+1F7F9 VERTICAL DOUBLE WHITE SMALL SQUARE U+1F7FA WHITE SQUARE WITH BOTTOM HALF BISECTED U+1F7FB WHITE SQUARE WITH TOP HALF BISECTED U+1F7FC WHITE SQUARE WITH HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL BISECTING LINES U+1F7FD LOWER LEFT FLATTENED RIGHT TRIANGLE U+1F7FE LOWER RIGHT FLATTENED RIGHT TRIANGLE U+1F7FF RHOMBUS Supplemental Arrows-C block U+1F8D0 LONG RIGHTWARDS ARROW OVER LONG LEFTWARDS ARROW U+1F8D1 LONG RIGHTWARDS HARPOON OVER LONG LEFTWARDS HARPOON U+1F8D2 LONG RIGHTWARDS HARPOON ABOVE SHORT LEFTWARDS HARPOON U+1F8D3 SHORT RIGHTWARDS HARPOON ABOVE LONG LEFTWARDS HARPOON U+1F8D4 LONG LEFTWARDS HARPOON ABOVE SHORT RIGHTWARDS HARPOON U+1F8D5 SHORT LEFTWARDS HARPOON ABOVE LONG RIGHTWARDS HARPOON U+1F8D6 LONG RIGHTWARDS ARROW THROUGH X U+1F8D7 LONG RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH DOUBLE SLASH U+1F8D8 LONG LEFT RIGHT ARROW WITH DEPENDENT LOBE Alphabetic Presentation Forms block U+FB29 HEBREW LETTER ALTERNATIVE PLUS SIGN Small Form Variants block U+FE61 SMALL ASTERISK U+FE62 SMALL PLUS SIGN U+FE63 SMALL HYPHEN-MINUS U+FE64 SMALL LESS-THAN SIGN U+FE65 SMALL GREATER-THAN SIGN U+FE66 SMALL EQUALS SIGN U+FE68 SMALL REVERSE SOLIDUS Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms block U+FF0B FULLWIDTH PLUS SIGN U+FF1C FULLWIDTH LESS-THAN SIGN U+FF1D FULLWIDTH EQUALS SIGN U+FF1E FULLWIDTH GREATER-THAN SIGN U+FF3C FULLWIDTH REVERSE SOLIDUS U+FF3E FULLWIDTH CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT U+FF5C FULLWIDTH VERTICAL LINE U+FF5E FULLWIDTH TILDE U+FFE2 FULLWIDTH NOT SIGN U+FFE9 HALFWIDTH LEFTWARDS ARROW U+FFEA HALFWIDTH UPWARDS ARROW U+FFEB HALFWIDTH RIGHTWARDS ARROW U+FFEC HALFWIDTH DOWNWARDS ARROW Garay block U+10D8E GARAY PLUS SIGN U+10D8F GARAY MINUS SIGN
See also Glossary of mathematical symbols List of logic symbols Greek letters used in mathematics, science, and engineering List of letters used in mathematics and science List of mathematical uses of Latin letters Unicode subscripts and superscripts Unicode symbols CJK Compatibility Unicode symbols includes symbols for SI units Units for order of magnitude shows position of SI units
References
External links
Images of glyphs in section 6.3.3 of the