The Pacific class (also known as the Pacific Forum classToppan & Walsh, World Navies Today: Other Asia-Pacific Navies and the ASI 315 class) is a class of 22 patrol boats built by Australia and donated to twelve South Pacific countries. The vessels were constructed between 1985 and 1997 and are operated by the militaries, coast guards or police forces of the twelve island nations. These boats are supported by the Pacific Patrol Boat Program and used primarily for maritime surveillance and fisheries protection.

Design and construction The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea took effect in 1982. It introduced a exclusive economic zone (EEZ) to the territories of all nations with an ocean coastline. Several Southwest Pacific island nations found themselves responsible for policing an area of ocean that was beyond their maritime capability, and often significantly larger than their land territories (at its most extreme, the EEZ of Tuvalu dwarfs its landmass by a ratio of almost 1:28,000).Bergin & Bateman, Law and order at sea in the South Pacific, p. 558Sea Power Centre, The Pacific Patrol Boat Project Following requests by several Pacific nations for assistance from the governments of Australia and New Zealand, the Australian government created a Defence Cooperation Project named the Pacific Patrol Boat Program to design and provide suitable patrol boats to nearby island nations. The program also provided training and infrastructure to support these ships. The Program was officially announced by Australian Prime Minister Bob Hawke during the South Pacific Forum meeting held in Canberra on 29 and 30 August 1983.Bergin & Bateman, Law and order at sea in the South Pacific, p. 556

Requests for tenders were issued in August 1984. Australian Shipbuilding Industries (ASI) designed a small vessel capable of maritime surveillance and interdiction, search and rescue operations, and fisheries protection. A smaller prototype was constructed by ASI in 1984. The prototype was later sold to the Royal Solomon Islands Police Force and named Savo.Sharpe (ed.), Jane's Fighting Ships, p. 637 The contract for the Pacific class was awarded to ASI on 9 May 1985 and construction began in September 1985. Initially ten ships were planned to be produced for eight countries, with the first ship, HMPNGS Tarangau, delivered to the Papua New Guinea Defence Force on 16 May 1987. The program continued until 15 ships were ordered, then was terminated before being reopened in February 1993.Sharpe (ed.), Jane's Fighting Ships, p. 746 By the time the program concluded, 22 ships had been delivered to 12 countries, with the final ship, FSS Independence, delivered to the Federated States of Micronesia in June 1997. The Pacific Patrol Boat Project is the largest and most complex defence co-operation project ever funded by Australia.

Each patrol boat has a length of , a beam of , a draught of , and a full load displacement of 162 tonnes. They are fitted with two Caterpillar 3516TA diesel engines, which provide to two propeller shafts, driving the vessel at a maximum of . Pacific-class vessels have a maximum range of at , and can remain at sea for up to ten days. Armament varies depending on the operating nation; the patrol boats may carry GAM-BO1 20 mm guns, 7.62 mm machine guns, or 12.7 mm machine guns, and these need not be permanently fitted. Each ship carries a Furuno 1011 surface search radar, which operates in the I band. The ship's company varies between 14 and 18, depending on the operating nation. In order to reduce construction and maintenance costs, the vessels were built to commercial, as opposed to military, standards. This facilitates companies in the operating nations to be capable of providing parts and minor maintenance in mind.

There were initial problems with the propellers, engine cooling systems, and air conditioning, but these were fixed before the completion of the third ship of the class. The class underwent refits during each ship's seventh or eighth year of operation, and again at the fifteenth year (which was ongoing until 2012). This has extended the predicted service life of the class to 2027.

Derivatives Several variant designs for the Pacific class have been produced by Australian Shipbuilding Industries (later Transfield ASI, then Tenix), for a variety of operators.

Four patrol boats of a slightly shortened design were produced for the Kuwait Coast Guard.Tenix Defence – Marine, Naval and Paramilitary Vessels, p. 3 An unarmed version of this design is also marketed to the operators of oil platforms as a crew transport.

Six modified versions of the Pacific class were built for the Hong Kong Marine Police as the Protector class.Toppan, World Navies Today: Hong Kong The main difference is the installation of a pump-jet engine to supplement the main propulsion.

A single navigation training vessel, , was built for Defence Maritime Services in 1999 which operates the ship under contract to the Royal Australian Navy. Although the hull design is the same, the interior and superstructure are significantly modified. The Seahorse Mercator design was used as the basis for the Royal Canadian Navy's eight s, although Canadian engineers modified the Orcas to the point where they only share the basic hull shape with the Australian ship.Fast tests keep new Canadian navy training ships on schedule, in Diesel Progress North American Edition

A , all-aluminium design based on the Pacific-class hull, the , was created for the Philippine Coast Guard. Four of these ships were delivered in December 2001, and are used as search and rescue vessels. An option for a follow on order by the Philippines of ten more ships was offered, but has not been used. The Ilocos Norte design was used in 2008 for the New South Wales Police Force patrol vessel ; the largest police-operated patrol boat in the Southern Hemisphere.Davitt, Seagoing patrol vessels strengthen police CT role

Role and benefits

The Pacific-class patrol boats are used primarily for maritime surveillance and fisheries protection. They are often the only surveillance capability the operating nation has access to, and their presence has often deterred foreign fishing fleets.Bergin & Bateman, Law and order at sea in the South Pacific, p. 563 The ability to patrol the waters has provided boosts to economies through both fishing fines and improved negotiation stances when discussing foreign fishing rights and fees. As part of the patrol role, the Pacifics have been used for customs inspection of ships, and have stopped some smuggling and drug-running operations.Bergin & Bateman, Law and order at sea in the South Pacific, p. 564 Some nations charter the vessels out to other government agencies or private companies for salvage work, hydrographic surveying, or even tasks like helping to establish aquaculture farms. Pacific-class patrol boats have also seen use in humanitarian roles such as search-and-rescue, towing of disabled vessels, sea safety checks on vessels, and inter-island transport, particularly for disaster relief operations.

The patrol boats also provide indirect benefits to the operating nations. Operation of the Pacifics has often required the expansion of maritime facilities, providing jobs and facilitating access for other ships. In addition to the economic boost from fishing fees and fines, improved hydrographic charts created by the ships contributes to boosting tourism. The ships are seen as miniature warships, and are a point of pride and prestige for the island nations.Bergin & Bateman, Law and order at sea in the South Pacific, p. 565 Crew training by the Australian Maritime College (AMC) has increased the number of trained seafarers in the operating nations, improving the skill level of each nation's maritime sector.

The Pacific Patrol Boat Program has also provided benefits to Australia and New Zealand. These nations enjoy an improved strategic presence in the region, and the naval advisors supplied to operating nations create personal networks within those nations, while improving the skill set and knowledge of the Pacific-class operators.Bergin & Bateman, Law and order at sea in the South Pacific, p. 560 These advisors regularly interact with officials from agencies outside the normal scope of diplomats, and can obtain political and strategic information inaccessible through other avenues.Bergin & Bateman, Law and order at sea in the South Pacific, p. 561 The naval advisors also allow the military-operated vessels to maintain links to larger naval forces. The ability for the operating nations to provide their own humanitarian support likewise reduces the need for Australian and New Zealand assets to become involved in relatively small-scale incidents.

Support and infrastructure

Australian Shipbuilding Industries (later Tenix) provides support facilities for the class in Brisbane, Australia, and Suva, Fiji.

Crew training for the Pacific-class patrol boats is offered by the Australian Department of Defence and the Australian Maritime College (AMC). The AMC runs an average of 32 classes per year in support of the Pacific Patrol Boat Program. The AMC does not possess a Pacific-class patrol boat to use as a training vessel; instead, the TV Pinduro is fitted with identical electronic equipment.Australian Maritime College, TV Pinduro

The cost of the project to Australia as of 1998 has been A$249 million. Each recipient country has funded most operating costs, with the United States contributing to the costs of Palau, the Marshall Islands, and the Federated States of Micronesia through the Compact of Free Association.

Following the 2006 Fijian coup d'état, Fiji was suspended from the program and the associated support. Fiji rejoined the program in 2015.

Operators Twelve nations operate Pacific-class patrol boats, as part of their military, coast guard, or police force:Bergin & Bateman, Law and order at sea in the South Pacific, p. 559 (4 ships), (3), (3), (3), (2), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1)

Canada's Orca-class patrol vessel is based on the Pacific-class patrol boat though is 15% larger.

Ships

+ Disposition of Pacific Forum patrol boatsBoat no.NamePennantCountryHandoverDateRetiredOrganisation1 ex-TarangauP01Papua New Guinea 1987-05 2018-08-03Defence Force2 Vanuatu 1987-06Police3 P02Papua New Guinea 1987-10 2021-04-18Defence Force4 Samoa 1988-03 2019-06-12Police5 03Solomon Islands 1988-07 2019-09-11Police6 P03Papua New Guinea 1988-10 2021-04-18Defence Force7 Cook Islands 1989-03Police8 ex-Basilisk P04Papua New Guinea 1989-07 2021-04-18Defence Force9 P201Tonga 1989-10 2020-09Defence Services10 01Federated States of Micronesia 1990-03Police11 P202Tonga 1990-06 2020-04-23Defence Services12 02Federated States of Micronesia 1990-11Police13 P203Tonga 1991-03 2019-06Defence Services14 03Marshall Islands 1991-06Sea Patrol15 04Solomon Islands 1991-11 2021-03-04Police16 301Kiribati 1994-01Police17 201 Fiji 1994-05 2019-12-22 Navy18 801Tuvalu 1994-10Police19 202Fiji 1995-05Navy20 203Fiji 1995-10 2016Navy21 001Palau 1996-05 2020-03-13Police22 03Federated States of Micronesia 1997-05Police

Guardian-class replacement