Zollgrenzschutz (ZGS; ) was an organization under the German Finance Ministry from 1937 to 1945. It was charged with guarding Germany's borders, acting as a combination of Border Patrol and Customs & Immigration service.
History It originated in the early 19th century as a tariff enforcement unit of the Prussian government. Reorganized in 1919 under the Weimar Republic following World War I, it gradually became more militarized and transformed into a paramilitary force, also due to the economic woes of blockade, inflation and Great Depression.
In Nazi Germany it was reformed again in 1937 by Fritz Reinhardt, a State Secretary of the Finance Ministry. It came to comprise about 50,000 officials. The Border Police (Grenzpolizei), which had the tasks of passport and border control, was different from the Customs Border Guards (Zollgrenzschutz).
Heinrich Himmler tried to bring the Zollgrenzschutz under the control of the Schutzstaffel (SS), which was unsuccessful at first. During the war, the units were used in occupied territories outside of Germany. A significant portion of younger officials were recruited to the Wehrmacht, leaving the Zollgrenzschutz with older men. After the 20 July 1944 assassination attempt on Hitler, the units were taken out of the control of the Finance Ministry and placed under Amt IV (Gestapo) of the Reich Security Main Office (RSHA).
It was deactivated at the end of World War II in Europe when Germany was partitioned.
Grades
Collar insignia Shoulder insignia ZGS Rank Translation Heer equivalent Reichsminister der Finanzen Reich Minister of Finance Generaloberst Staatssekretär State Secretary General der Waffengattung Generalinspekteur des ZollgrenzschutzesMinisterialdirektor General Inspector of the Customs Border GuardsMinisterial Director Generalleutnant Oberfinanzpräsident Senior Finance President Generalmajor MinisterialratFinanzpräsident Ministerial CounsellorFinance President Oberst Oberregierungsrat Senior Government Counsellor Oberstleutnant ZollamtmannZollratOberzollratRegierungsrat Customs OfficialCustoms CounsellorSenior Customs CounsellorGovernment Counsellor Major OberzollinspektorRegierungsassessorRegierungsratwith less than three years in the grade Senior Customs InspectorGovernment AssessorGovernment Counsellorwith less than three years in the grade Hauptmann Zollinspektor Customs Inspector Oberleutnant Oberzollsekretär Senior Customs Secretary Leutnant ZollsekretärHilfzollsekretär Customs Secretary Stabsfeldwebel ZollassistentHilfzollassistent Customs Assistant Oberfeldwebel ZollbetriebsassistentHilfszollbetriebsassistent Customs Operations Assistant Feldwebel Zolloberwachtmeister Customs Senior Watch Master Unteroffizier Zollwachtmeister Customs Watch Master GefreiterObergefreiter Zollgrenzangestellter Customs Border Employee Schütze
Ranks in italics with the prefix Hilfs- belonged to the Zollgrenzschutz-Reserve (ZGS-Reserve) (Customs Border Guards), formerly the Verstärkter Grenzaufsichtsdienst (VGAD) (Reinforced Border Inspection Service).
References
Bibliography
1. The Zollgrenzschutz on the border of Rapallo 1.1 Peč/Öfen (border stone nr. 1) – Slugov grič (nr. 32-XXXIX) Sector
1.2 Železniki Sector (Customs-Road)
1.3 Ljubljana - Postojna - Rijeka Sector
External links History of Zollgrenzschutz