Ulmus uyematsui Hayata, commonly known as the Alishan elm, is endemic to forests at elevations of in Alishan, Chiayi County , central Taiwan,Fu, L., Xin, Y. & Whittemore, A. (2002). Ulmaceae, in Wu, Z. & Raven, P. (eds) Flora of China, Vol. 5 (Ulmaceae through Basellaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, USA. where it is considered one of the minor tree species.Hyun, S. K. (1969). White pines of Asia: Pinus koraiensis and Pinus armandii. Biology of rust resistance in forest trees. Proceedings of a NATO-IUFRO Advanced Study Institute, Aug. 17–24, 1969. University of Idaho, USA. Misc. publication 1221, p. 141. USDA, Feb. 1972. The tree was first named and described by the Japanese botanist Bunzō Hayata in 1913,Hayata, B. (1913). Icones Plantarum Formosanarum, Vol. 3. p. 174 (1913). in the aftermath of the First Sino-Japanese War, when the Republic of Formosa was ceded to Japan.

Description The tree grows to a height of 25 m with a d.b.h. to 80 cm. The bark is grey, longitudinally fissured, and exfoliates in irregular flakes. The branchlets are brown, glabrous, though pubescent when young, and devoid of corky wings. The largely glabrous leaves are elliptic to oblong-elliptic 5–11 cm long × 3–4.5 cm wideefloras.org: U. uyematsui description (Hui-lin Li in Flora of Taiwan gives 6–15 cm long by 3–5 cm wideFlora of Taiwan 2:114. 1976), typically caudate at the apex; the margins are doubly serrate. The leaves are oblique at the base, have short (2–6 mm) petioles, and are flushed dark-red (anthocyanin pigmentation) on emergence. The perfect wind-pollinated apetalous flowers appear on second-year shoots in February, the obovate to orbicular samarae, 10–15 × 8–10 mm, on half-centimetre pedicels, Sheet labelled U. uyematsui, immature fruit specimen; Taiwan Forestry Research Herbarium Institute (2012)Fruit photograph with scale, U. uyematsui, Taiwan, kplant.biodiv.tw in March.

Hayata considered the tree similar to Ulmus castaneifolia, differing only in the much thinner leaves, and absence of pubescence on the axils of the primary lateral veins. This comparison was not repeated in later descriptions.

Pests and diseases Specimens grown from seed in Hampshire, UK, have grown to maturity unaffected by Dutch elm disease. However, at one site all trees were afflicted by slime flux Pectobacterium carotovorum in the summer of 2022 but with no lasting consequences.Brookes, A. H. (2025). Great Fontley Elm Trial, 2025 Report. Butterfly Conservation, Lulworth, England.

Cultivation U. uyematsui is rare in cultivation beyond Taiwan; it was introduced to commerce in the Netherlands in 2011. U. uyematsui was selected as one of eight tree species considered hardy enough to survive in the ecological reclamation of the Wujiazi iron mine north-east of Beijing in Liaoning Province, China, where winter temperatures fall as low as .Li, S, Li, S-x, Liu, J, Wu, Y. (2009). Selection of vegetation species for Wujiazi iron mine ecological recovery. Journal of Hebei University of Engineering (Natural Science Edition), 2009-03. University of Hebei, China.

U. uyematsui was introduced to Great Fontley, UK, as seed misidentified as U. davidiana; many were disseminated to the RBG Edinburgh, Sir Harold Hillier Gardens and Spinners Nursery in the New Forest before the error was realized.

Etymology The species is named for K. Uyematsu, who collected the plant in 1913.

Accessions North America United States National Arboretum, Washington, D.C., US. Two small trees imported 2011. No accession details available. Europe Grange Farm Arboretum , Lincolnshire, UK. Acc. no. 839. Great Fontley Farm, Fareham, UK. Butterfly Conservation Elm Trials plantation. Three whips planted 2004. Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante, Florence, Italy. 2 small (1 m) plants, (2011). Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, UK. Acc no. 20021373*A, grown from seed wild collected Liaoning, China,Tree formerly labelled U. davidiana, west end of Chinese Hillside, RBGE; determined as U. uyematsui by RBGE in 2024. New determination mentioned in Seddon & Shreeve, 'Great British Elms', Kew, 2024 and acc. no. 20112233.Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 'Catalogue of the Living Collections': Ulmus uyematsui, specimen 20112233 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK. Acc. no. not known. Sir Harold Hillier Gardens, Romsey, Hampshire UK. Acc. no. 2011.0267.Sir Harold Hillier Gardens. (2017). List of Living Accessions: Ulmus Wijdemeren Elm Arboretum, Frans Halslaan, Loosdrecht, Netherlands.

Nurseries Europe A Touch of Green , Amstelveen, Netherlands. Arboretum Waasland , Belgium. Henny Kolster via retail nursery Mark & Rein Bulk , Boskoop, Netherlands. Pan-Global Plants , Frampton-on-Severn, Gloucestershire, UK. Asia Tenway Garden Center , Tienwei, Chonghua County, Taiwan.

References

External links efloras.org: U. uyematsui description efloras.org: U. uyematsui leaves and fruit illustration (figures 1 and 2) Diagnostic bark-, fruit- and leaves-photographs labelled U. uyematsui, Taiwan; kplant.biodiv.tw Photographs labelled U. uyematsui on Plant Photo Bank of China, ppbc.iplant Photographs labelled U. uyematsui on iNaturalist; inaturalist.org