Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).
Events
March 4 — Pablo Neruda elected a Communist party senator in Chile. He officially joins the Communist Party of Chile four months later. April — Ilona Karmel and Henia Karmel, sisters from the Kraków Ghetto and together Polish Jewish prisoners of the Nazis, are on a forced death march when Germans in tanks crush them and then shove them, still living, into a mass grave. Soon after, a group of prisoners passes them, including a cousin of theirs. From their hiding place in her clothes, Henia Karmel rips out some poems she and her sister had written and hands them to her cousin to give to her husband, Leon, back in Kraków. The cousin delivers the poems, and the sisters are saved by a nearby farmer who takes them to a hospital. Henia writes in 1947, "these poems are real, not just scribblings.[they] came about when I was still creating myself, experiencing the pain of separation. How I could have survived, you might ask? If so, sir, you know nothing of life. It lasted, that's all." Henia writes in her poem, "Snapshots": "My name is Number 906. / And guess what? I still write verse.""Book Notes" column , The Virginia Quarterly Review, Spring 2008, accessed April 17, 2008, a capsule review by Lilah Hegnauerof A Wall of Two: Poems of Resistance and Suffering from Kraków to Buchenwald and Beyond, by Henia Karmel and Ilona Karmel, adapted by Fanny Howe, University of California Press, 2007 April 2 — British aircraft carrier HMS Glory is commissioned and sails for the Pacific theatre of war; Cornish poet Charles Causley is serving as a Chief Petty Officer Coder on this voyage. May — Estonian poet Heiti Talvik is deported to Siberia and never heard from again. May 2 — Ezra Pound is arrested by Italian partisans, and taken (according to Hugh Kenner) "to their HQ in Chiavari, where he was soon released as possessing no interest".Hugh Kenner, The Pound Era, University of California Press, 1973, p. 470, . Cited in Tim Redman, Ezra Pound and Italian Fascism, Cambridge University Press, , 1991, p. 274 On May 5, he turns himself in to U.S. forces. He is incarcerated in a United States Army detention camp outside Pisa, spending 25 days in an open cage before being given a tent. Here he appears to have suffered a nervous breakdown. While in the camp he drafts the Pisan Cantos, a section of the work in progress which marks a shift in Pound's work, being a meditation on his own and Europe's ruin and on his place in the natural world. The Pisan Cantos wins the first Bollingen Prize from the Library of Congress in 1948. May 8 — Victory in Europe Day: Edmund Blunden writes the poem "V Day" to mark the occasion; it will not be published until the 75th anniversary. June — Ern Malley hoax: Australia's most celebrated literary hoax takes place when Angry Penguins is published with poems by the fictional Ern Malley. Poets James McAuley and Harold Stewart created the poems from lines of other published work and then sent them as the purported work of a recently deceased poet. The hoax is played on Max Harris, at this time a 22-year-old avant garde poet and critic who had started the modernist magazine Angry Penguins. Harris and his circle of literary friends agreed that a hitherto completely unknown modernist poet of great merit had come to light in suburban Australia. The Autumn 1944 edition of the magazine with the poems comes out in mid-1945 due to wartime printing delays with cover illustration by Sidney Nolan. An Australian newspaper uncovers the hoax within weeks. McAuley and Stewart loved early Modernist poets but despise later modernism and especially the well-funded Angry Penguins and are jealous of Harris's precocious success. June 7 — Benjamin Britten's opera Peter Grimes, based on a section of George Crabbe's poem The Borough (1810), is premiered in London. August 6 — Atomic bombing of Hiroshima: Japanese poet Sadako Kurihara writes "Bringing Forth New Life" (生ましめんかな, Umashimen-kana) in the ruins. August 16 — Japanese Admiral Takijirō Ōnishi commits seppuku having left a death poem. German poets Johannes Bobrowski and Peter Huchel, serving in the German army, are taken prisoner by the Soviet Union. Two small Canadian literary magazines, Preview and First Statement (each founded separately in 1942) combine to form Northern Review (which lasts until 1956).Roberts, Neil, editor, A Companion to Twentieth-century Poetry, Part III, Chapter 3, "Canadian Poetry", by Cynthia Messenger, Blackwell Publishing, 2003, , retrieved via Google Books, January 3, 2009 Kyk-over-al magazine founded in Guyana."Selected Timeline of Anglophone Caribbean Poetry" in Williams, Emily Allen, Anglophone Caribbean Poetry, 1970–2001: An Annotated Bibliography, page xvii and following pages, Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002, , retrieved via Google Books, February 7, 2009 Vladimir Nabokov becomes a naturalized citizen of the United States.
Works published in English Listed by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet's native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:
Canada Earle Birney, Now Is Time. Toronto: Ryerson Press."Earle Birney: Published Works," Canadian Poetry Online, UToronto.ca, Web, May 3, 2011. Governor General's Award 1945.Neil Besner, "Birney, Alfred Earle ," Canadian Encyclopedia (Edmonton: Hurtig, 1988), 231 Arthur Bourinot, True Harvest. Irving Layton, Here and NowGustafson, Ralph, The Penguin Book of Canadian Verse, revised edition, 1967, Baltimore, Maryland: Penguin Books Anne Marriott, Sandstone and Other Poems, Toronto: Ryerson Press."Anne Marriott (1913-1997)", Canadian Woman Poets, BrockU.ca, Web, Apr. 21, 2011. E. J. Pratt, They Are Returning, Toronto: Macmillan."Bibliography," Selected Poems of E. J. Pratt, Peter Buitenhuis ed., Toronto: Macmillan, 1968, 207-208. F. R. Scott. Overture. Toronto: Ryerson Press."F. R. Scott: Publications ," Canadian Poetry Online, UToronto.ca, Web, May 7, 2011. Elizabeth Smart, "By Grand Central Station I Sat Down and Wept" (prose poem) Raymond Souster, When We Are Young. Montreal: First Statement."Notes on Life and Works ," Selected Poetry of Raymond Souster, Representative Poetry Online, UToronto.ca, Web, May 7, 2011. Miriam Waddington, Green World
India, in English Serapia Devi, The Book of Beneficent Grief and Other Poems ( Poetry in English ), Lahore: R. S. Ram Jawaya KapurNaik, M. K., Perspectives on Indian poetry in English, p. 230, (published by Abhinav Publications, 1984, , ), retrieved via Google Books, June 12, 2009 B. Rajan, Monsoon ( Poetry in English ),Lal, P., Modern Indian Poetry in English: An Anthology & a Credo, p 314, Calcutta: Writers Workshop, second edition, 1971 (however, on page 597 an "editor's note" states contents "on the following pages are a supplement to the first edition" and is dated "1972") Subho Tagore, May Day and Other Poems ( Poetry in English ), Calcutta: Book Emporium V.N. Bhushan, editor, The Peacock Lute: An Anthology of Poems in English by Indian Writers, Bombay: Padma Pub., 155 pagesJoshi, Irene, compiler, "Poetry Anthologies" , "Poetry Anthologies" section, "University Libraries, University of Washington" website, "Last updated May 8, 1998", retrieved June 16, 2009. 2009-06-19.
United Kingdom W. H. Auden, English poet living in the United States Collected Poems For the Time Being John Betjeman, New Bats in Old Belfries Cairo poets, ed. by Robin Redden, Terence Tiller, Bernard Spencer et al., Personal Landscape: an anthology of exile, repr. in London from magazine Personal Landscape (published in Egypt) R. N. Currey, This Other Planet Walter de la Mare, The Burning-Glass, and Other Poems W. S. Graham, Second Poems Michael Hamburger, Later Hogarth A. P. Herbert, Light the Lights sidney Keyes (killed in action 1943), Collected Poems Philip Larkin, The North Ship, London: Dent Alun Lewis (died on active service 1944), Ha! Ha! Among the Trumpets, foreword by Robert Graves Ruth Pitter, The Bridge William Plomer, The Dorking Thigh, and Other Satires F. T. Prince, Soldiers Bathing, and Other Poems Vernon Watkins, The Lamp and the Veil
United States W. H. Auden, The Collected Poetry,Ludwig, Richard M., and Clifford A. Nault, Jr., Annals of American Literature: 1602–1983, 1986, New York: Oxford University Press ("If the title page is one year later than the copyright date, we used the latter since publishers frequently postdate books published near the end of the calendar year." — from the Preface, p vi) English poet living in the United States John Malcolm Brinnin, No Arch, No Triumph Gwendolyn Brooks, A Street in Bronzeville Emily Dickinson, Bolts of Melody, published posthumously H.D. (Hilda Doolittle), "Tribute to the Angels", second part of Trilogy (1944–46) about the experience of the Blitz in wartime London Randall Jarrell, Little Friend, Little Friend, including "The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner", New York: Dial PressM. L. Rosenthal, The New Poets: American and British Poetry Since World War II, New York: Oxford University Press, 1967, "Selected Bibliography: Individual Volumes by Poets Discussed", pp 334-340 William Ellery Leonard (died 1944), A Man Against Time Ogden Nash, Many Long Years Ago John Crowe Ransom, Selected Poems Karl Shapiro, Essay on Rime Wallace Stevens, Esthetique du Mal, Cummington PressWeb page titled "Wallace Stevens (1879 - 1955)" at the Poetry Foundation website, retrieved April 9, 2009. 2009-05-04.
Other in English George Campbell (poet), First Poems, Caribbean Allen Curnow, editor, A Book of New Zealand Verse 1923–45 (Caxton), New ZealanderAllen Curnow Web page at the New Zealand Book Council website, accessed April 21, 2008 Denis Glover, The Wind and the Sand, New Zealander"Denis Glover" article in The Encyclopedia of New Zealand, 1966 website, accessed April 21, 2008 Kenneth Slessor, Australian Poetry, anthology, Australia
Works published in other languages
France Louis Aragon: La Diane françaiseAuster, Paul, editor, The Random House Book of Twentieth-Century French Poetry: with Translations by American and British Poets, New York: Random House, 1982 Le Nouveau Crevecoeur, about the ResistanceBree, Germaine, Twentieth-Century French Literature, translated by Louise Guiney, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1983 René Char, Seuls demeurent Paul Claudel, Visages radieux Max Jacob, Derniers Poemès, published posthumously (died 1944) Pierre Jean Jouve: Trois Poèmes aux Démons, Porrentruy: Portes de FranceCady, Andrea, Measuring the visible: the verse and prose of Philippe Jaccottet, p 32, Editions Rodopi, 1992, retrieved via Google Books on August 20, 2009 La Vierge de ParisHartley, Anthony, editor, The Penguin Book of French Verse: 4: The Twentieth Century, Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1967 Henri Michaux, Épreuves, exorcismes Saint-John Perse, Exil, suivi de Poème à l'étrangère; Pluies; Neiges Paris: Gallimard (a republication of Quatre poèmes, 1941-1944, Buenos Aires: Les Editions Lettres Françaises 1944), FranceWeb page titled "Saint-John Perse: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1960: Bibliography" at the Nobel Prize Website, retrieved July 20, 2009. 2009-07-24. Jacques Prévert, Spectacles Pierre Reverdy, Plupart du temps: poèmes 1915–1922 Madeleine Riffaud, Le Poing fermé Georges Schéhadé, Chants d'ombre
Indian subcontinent Including all of the British colonies that later became India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Nepal. Listed alphabetically by first name, regardless of surname:
Kashmiri