Ascanius may refer to:
In Classical mythology: Ascanius, son of Aeneas Ascanius, son of Priam Ascanius, son of Aretaon Ascanius, a genus of bugs in the subfamily Pachycorinae Lake Ascanius in Anatolia Peter Ascanius (1723–1803), Norwegian biologist Domenicus van Wijnen, called Ascanius (1661–c.1695), Dutch painter HMAT Ascanius, Australian troopship