In computing, a keyboard shortcut is a sequence or combination of keystrokes on a computer keyboard which invokes commands in software.

Most keyboard shortcuts require the user to press a single key or a sequence of keys one after the other. Other keyboard shortcuts require pressing and holding several keys simultaneously (indicated in the tables below by the + sign). Keyboard shortcuts may depend on the keyboard layout.

Comparison of keyboard shortcuts In Windows, it is possible to disable these shortcuts using the Accessibility or Ease of Access control panel. In GNOME, these shortcuts are possible, if Universal Access is enabled on the system.

ActionWindowsmacOSKDE PlasmaGNOMEUtility ManagerUse keyboard to control cursorAllow user to press shortcuts one key at a time press 5 times 5 timesHear beep when -lock key pressed hold 5 secondsStop/slow repeating characters when key is pressed hold 8 seconds hold for 8 secondsInverse (Reverse Colors) Mode (if enabled)Inverse (Reverse Colors) Mode (Only current window) (if enabled)Accessibility ShortcutThis can be set as Greyscale, Invert Colours, Magnifier, and more in Ease of Access settings

Keyboard shortcuts are a common aspect of most modern operating systems and associated software applications. Their use is pervasive enough that some users consider them an important element of their routine interactions with a computer. Whether used as a matter of personal preference or for adaptive technology, the pervasiveness of common conventions means that a meaningful comparison of keyboard shortcuts can be made across various widely used operating systems.

General shortcuts Many shortcuts (such as , , etc.) are just common conventions and are not handled by the operating system. Whether such commands are implemented (or not) depends on how an actual application program (such as an editor) is written and the frameworks used. Not all applications/frameworks follow (all of) these conventions, so if it does not work, it is not compatible.

Some of the combinations are not true for localized versions of operating systems. For example, in a non-English version of Windows, the Edit menu is not always bound to the shortcut.

Some software (such as KDE Plasma) allow their shortcuts to be changed, and the below list contains the defaults.

ActionWindowsmacOSLinuxEmacsVimChromeOSFile menu, or then , then , then (gvim) or (vim + NERDTree)Edit menu, then , then (gvim)View menu, then Undo the last operation, or, then or or orRedo the last operation, or , or Cut the selection and store it in the clipboard, or or to cut in register "a" or to cut in system clipboardCopy the selection into the clipboard, or , or or or Paste contents of clipboard at cursor,or , or or to paste the content of the "a" register or to paste the content of the system clipboardPaste specialClipboard HistorySelect all in focused control or window, then , unlikely ever needed as most commands take an optional range parameter. means "all in focused windows" here so e.g. to copy all the text, use Cycle through installed keyboard languages / input methods, , , changes between languages while changes between keyboard layouts of the same language. The latter two display a menu with the currently selected input method highlighted, and debuted in Windows 8. goes through the list backwards. For the first two shortcuts going backwards is done by using the right key instead of the left. or on older devices (not MBR)

Configure desired keypress in Keyboard and Mouse Preferences, Keyboard Shortcuts, Select the next source in Input menu. via KDE Keyboard in GNOMEPrintOpen Help Menu in GNOMEWindows Mobility CenterWindows 7:

Windows 10: then PowerUser (WinX) MenuWindows 10: Restart Video DriverWindows 10:

System navigation ActionWindowsmacOSLinuxChromeOSLock desktop (macOS High Sierra and greater)or or MBR (If "Require password after sleep or screen saver" is enabled in "System Preferences — Security & Privacy") (GNOME) or Log out user (Twice)Switch active userApplications menu or, then orRun application, enter executable name or , enter executable name, enter executable name or , enter executable nameSearch, enter executable name,, or , or (Gnome)Show desktop or Access SysTraySwitch window (next/previous) / /

(While in app switching window, can be used to select backward, can be used to view selected app's windows) /

or / to switch windows within the same application (Gnome)Hold , then quickly press Switch window without dialog (next/previous) /Only works within single Applications /Task manager,(summons "Force Quit Applications" window)File managerNew folderRename object or Show hidden files, then , then again, while in File Explorer, will toggle setting, while in Finder, will toggle setting, in KDE Plasma

Power management ActionWindowsmacOSLinuxChromeOSPlace computer into sleep/standby modeWindows 10: >  > 

Windows 7:

(available on some keyboards) (available on some keyboards, configurable in Control Panel ➢ Power Options ➢ Advanced tab dialog box)Shut down computerWindows 10: >  > (no confirmation, shutdown is immediate)(KDE Plasma; no confirmation, shutdown is immediate) (GNOME; there is no default shortcut) (Hold for 10 seconds)Restart computer Windows 10: >  > Windows 7: or (no confirmation, restart is immediate)(KDE Plasma; no confirmation, restart is immediate)Place display in sleep modewhere is linedBring up power/sleep dialog boxForce shutdown (Hold for several seconds) or Hold for 10 seconds

Screenshots

ActionWindowsmacOSLinuxChromeOSSave screenshot of entire screen as fileCopy screenshot of entire screen to clipboard or Copy screenshot of active window to clipboardSave screenshot of window as file then then move mouse and click (GNOME) then move mouse and clickCopy screenshot of window to clipboard then then move mouse and click (GNOME) then move mouse and clickSave screenshot of arbitrary area as file then click+drag mouse over required area click+drag mouse over required area, then (GNOME) then click+drag mouse over required areaCopy screenshot of arbitrary area to clipboard (Snip)Windows 10: then click+drag mouse over required area click+drag mouse over required area, then (GNOME) then click+drag mouse over required areaScreencasting (GNOME) then select the Screen Record button on the toolbarScreenshot UtilitySave screenshot of the Touch Bar as file

Text editing Many of these commands may be combined with to select a region of text.

In macOS, holding while dragging mouse can be used to invert selection, and holding can be used to select by rectangular area in some apps. (These two functionalities may be combined).

In macOS, the default text editing keyboard shortcuts in Cocoa text views can be overridden and new custom shortcuts can be created, by creating and editing related configuration files.

ActionWindowsmacOSLinuxEmacsVimChromeOSDelete char to the right of cursor or or

or or or Delete word to the right of cursor or(delete space too) or (keep space)Delete word to the left of cursor or(delete space too) or (keep space)Go to start of line or(go to start of line)or (go to start of paragraph) or(go to first non-space) or(go to column 0)Go to end of line or(go to end of line)or (go to end of paragraph)orGo to start of document orGo to end of document orGo to previous word or or or or orGo to next word or or or or Go to previous line or or or Go to next line or or or Go to previous line break (paragraph)(kword or GNOME) or Go to next line break(kword or GNOME) orMove the cursor down the length of the viewport or or or orMove the cursor up the length of the viewport or or orFindor (search with current selection) (GNOME; interactive search)Go to next search result (GNOME) or (KDE) or Go to previous search result (GNOME) or (KDE) or Search and replace (GNOME) or (KDE)Search with a regular expression All searches use regular expressions.Search and replace with a regular expressionEmoji Picker or

Text formatting ActionWindows WordPadmacOSLinuxEmacsVimBold, then Underline, then Italic, then Uppercase / Lowercase+ for upper, for lower, for capitalized. for upper, for lower, to toggle.Superscript (some applications only)Subscript (some applications only)Selected text larger/smaller, or ,

or

, Selected text Bullets or Numbered ItemsInsert Linebreak/Newlineor

or (may be able to skip some editor-defined input processing)Insert Unicode + character codepoint + character codepoint("Unicode Hex Input" must be added and active as current input source) + character codepoint+ + character codepoint + character codepoint

Browsers / Go menu ActionWindowsmacOSLinuxChromeOSGo to Address Bar+ / / +, or depending on language or + or + or or Go to the previous location in history or or Go to the next location in history or (web browser only) or Go up one level in the navigation hierarchy (Vista, 7, 8, or 10 only) or (Windows Explorer)Go to the starting page defined by the user or application (KDE) / (GNOME)

Web browsers ActionWindowsmacOSLinuxEmacs-w3mVimperatorChromeOSBookmarks menu(Firefox)URL Shortcuts (Adds www. + .com) (Firefox) or (Chrome)URL Shortcuts (Adds www. + .org) (Firefox)URL Shortcuts (Adds www. + .net) (Firefox)Add bookmark for current page /Add bookmark for current linkManage bookmarks (MS Edge/Chrome/Firefox)or (Internet Explorer) (Chrome/Safari) or (Firefox) /Move focus to Web search bar (Opera) or (Firefox) or (Safari/Chrome) (open in a new tab) or (open in current tab) or Move focus to address bar or or or or to alter URL,use to copy it. or Refresh a webpage or or or Open developer tools or orRefresh a webpage ignoring cache or then or Open a new window(Chrome, hold shift to open new window in Incognito)Zoom Options(zoom in /zoom out /zoom 100%) / / / / / / / / (text only) or / / (text and images) / /

Tab management ActionWindowsmacOSLinuxEmacs-w3mVimperatorChromeOSNew tab or or, then Close tab or Firefox & Opera & Chrome & GNOME Web & Midori Firefox & Opera & ChromeClose all tabs but the current one (Safari), then Go to next tab or (Safari) or or, then Go to previous tab or (Safari) or or, then Go to tab-Holding Ctrl+Shift+Page Up/Page Down will move the selected tab past multiple tabs to the left/right. (MS Edge,Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer) (Chrome) (Chrome, Firefox) or (Chrome)First tab: Last tab: Go to last tab (Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer) (Chrome) (Chrome, Firefox) or (Chrome)Move a tab to the left(MS Edge,Chrome, Firefox)Move a tab to the right(MS Edge,Chrome, Firefox)Open a previously closed tab(Firefox, Opera, Chrome)(Firefox, Opera, Chrome) (Firefox)Open a previously closed window (Firefox)

Window management +ActionWindowsmacOSKDE PlasmaGNOMEEmacsChromeOSForce window mode (Application requires functionality for set action) or or or Pop up window menu, then Close the focused window or then , then Close all windows of current applicationRestore the focused window to its previous size then then , then , then , then letter of the window state register.Move the focused window then then .Press to save new location and to cancel+Mouse / then then +Mouse /