The following is a list of adjectival forms of subcontinental regions in English and their demonymic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these subcontinental regions.
Note: Demonyms are given in plural forms. Singular forms simply remove the final 's' or, in the case of -ese endings, are the same as the plural forms. The ending -men has feminine equivalent -women (e.g. an Irishman and a Scotswoman). The French terminations -ois / ais serve as both the singular and plural masculine; adding 'e' ( / ) makes them singular feminine; 'es' ( / ) makes them plural feminine. The Spanish termination "-o" usually denotes the masculine and is normally changed to feminine by dropping the "-o" and adding "-a". The plural forms are usually "-os" and "-as" respectively.
Adjectives ending -ish can be used as collective demonyms (e.g. the English, the Cornish). So can those ending in -ch / -tch (e.g. the French, the Dutch) provided they are pronounced with a 'ch' sound (e.g. the adjective Czech does not qualify).
Where an adjective is a link, the link is to the language or dialect of the same name. (Reference: Ethnologue, Languages of the World)
Many place-name adjectives and many demonyms refer also to various other things, sometimes with and sometimes without one or more additional words. (Sometimes, the use of one or more additional words is optional.) Notable examples are cheeses, cat breeds, dog breeds, and horse breeds. (See List of words derived from toponyms.)
Africa Name Adjective Demonym Afar Afar Afars Amhara Amhara Amharas Cabinda Cabindan Cabindans Caprivi Strip Caprivian Caprivians Casamance Casamancais Casamancais Cyrenaica Cyrene Cyrenes Darfur Darfur Darfuris Fezzan Fezzan Fezzanis Kasaï Kasaian Kasaians Katanga Katangese Katangese Kivu Kivutian Kivutians Macaronesia Macaronesian Macaronesians Maghreb Maghrebi Maghrebis Mediterranean Mediterranean Nile River Nilotic Nubia Nubian Nubians Oromia Oromo, Oromian Oromos, Oromians Puntland Puntland Puntlanders Rif Riffian Riffians Rodrigues Rodriguan Rodriguans Sahara Saharan Sahrawi Sahel Sahelian Sahelians Senegambia Senegambian Senegambians Socotra Socotran Soqotri, Socotrans Tigray Tigrayan Tigrayans Tripolitania Tripolitanian Tripolitanians Zambezi River Zambezian Zambezians Zanzibar Zanzibari Zanzibaris
Americas Name Adjective Demonym Acadia Acadian Acadians Acadiana, Cajun Country Acadian (Cajuns) Aleutian Islands Aleut, Aleutian Aleuts, Aleutians Amazon river and Amazon region Amazonian Andes Andean Antilles Antillean Antilleans Appalachia Appalachian Caribbean Caribbean Cascadia Cascadian Cascadians Ceara Cearense Cearenses Chiloé Archipelago Chilotan Chilotes Florida Keys Chonchs Galápagos Islands Galapagueño Galapagueños Guiana Guianan Guianans Long Island Long Island Long Islanders Maritimes Maritime Maritimers Minas Gerais Mineiro Mineiros New England New England New Englanders Northern Mexico Norteño Norteños Nunatsiavut Nunatsiavut Nunatsiavummiut (Nunatsiavummiuk sing.) Nunavik Nunavik Nunavimmiut (Nunavimmiuq sing.) Patagonia Patagonian Patagonians Paraná (state) Paranaense Paranaenses Rio de Janeiro (state) Fluminense Fluminenses Rio Grande do Sul Sul-rio-grandense, Gaúcho Gaúchos St. Lawrence River Laurentian Santa Catarina Catarinense, Barriga-verde Catarinenses, Barrigas-verdes São Paulo (state) Paulista Paulistas South (U.S.) Southern Southerners Tierra del Fuego Fuegian Fuegians Upper Peninsula of Michigan Yoopers West Indies West Indian West Indians
Asia Name Adjective Demonym Bali Balinese Balinese Balochistan, Baluchistan Balochi/s, Baluchi/s Bangsamoro Moro Bengal Bengali Bengalis Bicol Bicol, Bicolano Bicolanos Bihar Bihari Biharis Borneo Bornean Borneans Caucasus, Caucasia Caucasian, Caucasic Caucasians Central Asia Central Asian Central Asians Flores Floresian Gujarat Gujarati Gujaratis Himalayas Himalayan Hokkaidō Dosanko () Indochina Indochinese Indochinese Java, Pasundan Javanese, Sundanese Javanese, Sundanese Kashmir Kashmiran Kashmiris, Kashmirite Korea Korean Koreans Kumaon Kumaoni Kumaiye, Kumaonis Luzon Luzones Luzones Melanesia Melanesian Melanesians Moluccas Moluccan Moluccans Mindanao Mindanaoan Mindanaoans Negros Negrenses, Negrosanons Okinawa, Ryukyu Islands Okinawan, Ryukyuan Okinawans, Ryukyuans Punjab Punjabi Punjabis Siberia Siberian Siberians Indian subcontinent Subcontinental Desis Sulawesi Sulawesian Sulawesians Sumatra Sumatran Sumatrans Sylhet Sylheti Sylhetis Tibet Tibetan Tibetans Urals Uralic Visayas Visayan Visayans
West Asia Name Adjective Demonym Arabia Arab, Arabian Arabs, Arabians Galilee Galilean Galileans Hadhramaut Hadhrami Hadharem (Hadhrami sing.) Judea, Judaea Judean, Judaean Judeans, Judaeans Kurdistan Kurdish Kurds Levant Levantine Levantines Samaria Samaritan Samaritans Anatolia Anatolian Anatolians
Oceania Name Adjective Demonym Antipodesa Antipodean Antipodeans Banaba Banaban Banabans Bougainville Bougainvillean Bougainvilleans Chuuk Chuukese Chuukese Easter Island Easter Island Easter Islanders, Rapa Nui Kosrae Kosraean Kosraeans Lau Islands Lauan Lauans Melanesia Melanesian Melanesians Micronesia Micronesian Micronesians New Guinea New Guinean New Guineans Pohnpei Pohnpeian Pohnpeians Polynesia Polynesian Polynesians Rarotonga Rarotongan Rarotongans Rotuma Rotuman Rotumans Tahiti Tahitian Tahitians Torres Strait Islands Torres Strait Island Torres Strait Islanders Yap Yapese Yapesea Usually refers to Australia and New Zealand.
Europe Name Adjective Demonym Alps Alpine Alsace Alsatian Alsatians Andalusia Andalusian Andalusians Apennines Apennine Apulia Apulian Apulians Aragon Aragonese Aragonese Asturias Asturian Asturians Balkans Balkan Baltic region Baltic Balts Bavaria Bavarian Bavarians Basque Country Basque Basques Bessarabia Bessarabian Bessarabians Black Sea region, Chornomoriia Black Sea, Chornomorian Black Sea Cossacks Bohemia Bohemian Bohemians Boyko region, Boikivshchyna Boyko Boykos Bukovina Bukovinian Bukovinians Brittany Breton Bretons Burgundy Burgundian Burgundians Calabria Calabrian Calabrians Campania Campanian Campanians Cantabria Cantabrian Cantabrians Carinthia Carinthian Carinthians Carpathians Carpathian Castile Castilian Castilians Catalonia Catalan Catalans Caucasus, Caucasia Caucasian, Caucasic Caucasians Ciscarpathia Ciscarpathian Cornwall Cornish Cornish Corsica Corsican Corsicans Courland Curonian Curonians Crete Cretan Cretans Crimea Crimean Crimeans Cumberland, Cumbria Cumbrian Cumbrians Dalmatia Dalmatian Dalmatians Danube River Danubian Dnieper Ukraine Dniprian Dniprians Dobruja Dobrujan Dobrujans Durham Dunelmian Dunelmians, Durhamites Eastphalia Eastphalian Eastphalians Extremadura Extremaduran Extremadurans Fife Fife Fifers Flanders Flemish Flemings Franconia Franconian Franconians Friesland, Frisian Islands Friesian, Frisian Friesians, Frisians Friuli Friulian Friulians Gagauzia Gagauz, Gagauzian Gagauz, Gagauzians Galicia (Central Europe) Galician Galicians Galloway Gallovidian Gallovidians Gascony Gascon Gascons Gotland Gotland Gotlanders Gozo Gozitan Gozitans Harrow Harrovian Harrovians Hebrides Hebridean Hebrideans Heligoland Heligolandic Heligolanders Hesse Hessian Hessians Holstein Holsteinian Holsteiners Hutsul region, Hutsulshchyna Hutsul Hutsuls Iberian Peninsula Iberian Iberians Ingria Ingrian Ingrians Istria Istrian Istrians Jutland Jutland Jutlanders Karelia Karelian Karelians Kashubia Kashubian Kashubians Kosovo Kosovar, Kosovan Kosovars, Kosovans Kuban Kuban Kubanians, Kuban Cossacks Left-bank Ukraine, "Little Russia" (historical), Hetmanshchyna, Hetmania Ukrainian, "Little Russian" (historical) Hetmanians, hetmantsi, "Little Russians" (historical), Ukrainians Lemko region, Lemkivshchyna Lemkian, Lemk Lemkos, Lemkians, Lemks Lancashire Lancastrian Lancastrians Lapland, Sápmi Laplandic, Sámi Laplanders, Sámi León Leonese Leoneses Liguria Ligurian Ligurians Lombardy Lombard, Lombardic Lombards Lorraine Lorrainian Lorrainians Lusatia Lusatian Lusatians Mallorca, Majorca Mallorcan, Majorcan Mallorcans, Majorcans Mediterranean Mediterranean Menorca Menorcan Menorcans Moravia Moravian Moravians Murcia Murcian Murcians Navarre Navarrese Navarrese Normandy Norman Normans Northumberland Northumbrian Northumbrians Occitania Occitan Occitans Orkney Orcadian Orcadians Palatinate Palatine Palatines Peloponnese Peloponnesian Peloponnesians Pennines Pennine Picardy Picard Picards Piedmont Piedmontese Piedmontese Po River Padane Podolia, Podillia Podolian, Podillian Podolians, Podillians Pokuttya Pokuttyan Polesia, Polissia Polesian, Polissian Poleshuks, Poleshchuks Pomerania Pomeranian Pomeranians Provence Provençal Pyrenees Pyrenean Rhineland Rhenish Rhinelanders Right-bank Ukraine, Trans-Dnieper Ukraine Trans-Dnieper, Trans-Dniprian Rus' (Ruthenia) Rus', Ruthenian, Ruthene, Rus'ian, Russian (historical) Rus', rusichi, Ruthenians, Ruthenes, East Slavs, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Russians (historical) Ruthenia (Carpathian Ruthenia) Ruthenian, Ruthene Ruthenians, Ruthenes, Rusyns, Rusnaks Samogitia Samogitian Samogitians Sardinia Sardinian Sardinians Savoy Savoyard Savoyards Saxony Saxon Saxons Scandinavia Scandinavian Scandinavians Scania Scanian Scanians Shetland Shetland Shetlanders Sicily Sicilian Sicilians Silesia Silesian Silesians Slavonia Slavonian Slavonians Sloboda Ukraine, Slobozhanshchyna Sloboda Ukrainian, Slobozhanian Sloboda Cossacks, Sloboda Ukrainians, Slobozhanians Styria Styrian Styrians Subcarpathia (also Transcarpathia) Subcarpathian Thrace Thracian Thracians Thuringia Thuringian Thuringians Transcarpathia (also Subcarpathia) Transcarpathia Transylvania Transylvanian Transylvanians Tuscany Tuscan Tuscans Tyrol Tyrolean, Tyrolese Tyroleans, Tyrolese Umbria Umbrian Umbrians Urals Uralic Valencia Valencian Valencians Veneto Venetian Venetians Volhynia Volhynian Volhynians Wallachia Wallachian Wallachians Wallonia Walloon Walloons Westmorland Westmerian Westmerians Westphalia Westphalian Westphalians Yorkshire Yorkshire Yorkshiremen, Yorkshirewomen Zaporizhzhia, Zaporozhian Ukraine Zaporozhian Zaporozhians Zeeland Zeeland Zeelanders
See also
Demonym List of adjectival and demonymic forms of place names List of adjectivals and demonyms for astronomical bodies List of adjectivals and demonyms for continental regions List of adjectivals and demonyms for subcontinental regions List of adjectival and demonymic forms for countries and nations List of adjectivals and demonyms for Australia List of adjectivals and demonyms for Canada List of adjectivals and demonyms for India List of adjectivals and demonyms for Malaysia List of adjectivals and demonyms for Mexico List of adjectivals and demonyms for New Zealand List of adjectivals and demonyms for the Philippines List of adjectivals and demonyms for the United States List of adjectivals and demonyms for cities List of adjectivals and demonyms for former regions List of adjectivals and demonyms for Greco-Roman antiquity List of adjectivals and demonyms for fictional regions
References