The Beatles began in 1956, when John Lennon formed a skiffle group with his friends called the Quarrymen. The band underwent many name and membership changes, culminating in 1962 with the famous line-up of Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr.
After the Beatles disbanded in 1970, each of the four members went on to have success, both as solo acts and with their own groups. Although Lennon died in 1980, the remaining Beatles re-united in 1994 to record new songs, "Free as a Bird" and "Real Love", for the Anthology project. Harrison died in 2001; McCartney and Starr re-united again as the Beatles in 2022 to complete the unfinished Anthology project "Now and Then", which was released the following year. These three songs were written and originally recorded on a cassette tape by Lennon.
Pre-Beatles
John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison The Blackjacks(November 1956)John Lennon – vocals, lead guitar Eric Griffiths – rhythm guitar Pete Shotton – washboard Bill Smith – tea chest bass The Quarrymen(November–December 1956) John Lennon – vocals, lead guitar Nigel Walley – tea chest bass Eric Griffiths – rhythm guitar Colin Hanton – drums Pete Shotton – washboard The Quarrymen(December 1956 – Early 1957) John Lennon – vocals, lead guitar Ivan Vaughan – tea chest bass Eric Griffiths – rhythm guitar Colin Hanton – drums Pete Shotton – washboard The Quarrymen(Early 1957 – 7 August) John Lennon – vocals, lead guitar Len Garry – tea chest bass Rod Davis – banjo Eric Griffiths – rhythm guitar Colin Hanton – drums Pete Shotton – washboard The Rebels(Spring 1957) George Harrison – vocals, rhythm guitar Arthur Kelly – guitar Peter Harrison – lead guitar Alan Williams – tea chest bass The Quarrymen(August 1957) John Lennon – vocals, lead guitar Len Garry – tea chest bass Eric Griffiths – rhythm guitar Colin Hanton – drums Pete Shotton – Washboard The Quarrymen(August – 18 October 1957) John Lennon – vocals, lead guitar Len Garry – tea chest bass Eric Griffiths – rhythm guitar Colin Hanton – drums The McCartney Brothers (August 1957) Paul McCartney – vocals, guitar Mike McCartney – vocals The Quarrymen(18 October 1957 – February 1958) John Lennon – vocals, rhythm guitar Paul McCartney – lead guitar, vocals Len Garry – tea chest bass Eric Griffiths – rhythm guitar Colin Hanton – drums The Quarrymen(February 1958) John Lennon – vocals, rhythm guitar Paul McCartney – vocals, rhythm guitar George Harrison – lead guitar Len Garry – tea chest bass Eric Griffiths – rhythm guitar Colin Hanton – drums The Quarrymen(February–March 1958) John Lennon – vocals, rhythm guitar Paul McCartney – vocals, rhythm guitar George Harrison – lead guitar John Lowe – piano Len Garry – tea chest bass Eric Griffiths – rhythm guitar Colin Hanton – drums The Quarrymen(March – July 1958) John Lennon – vocals, rhythm guitar Paul McCartney – vocals, rhythm guitar George Harrison – lead guitar John Duff Lowe – piano Colin Hanton – drums The Quarrymen(July – November 1958) John Lennon – vocals, rhythm guitar Paul McCartney – vocals, rhythm guitar George Harrison – lead guitar, vocals The Vikings(Summer 1958) John Bierly – vocals, guitar Glyn Williams – guitar, vocals Bernard Lee – guitar Aneurin Thomas – tea-chest bass John Dingle – drums Paul McCartney – guitar George Harrison – guitar Johnny and the Moondogs(November – 19 December 1958) John Lennon – vocals Paul McCartney – rhythm guitar George Harrison – lead guitar Japage 3(19 December 1958 – May 1959) John Lennon – vocals, rhythm guitar Paul McCartney – vocals, rhythm guitar George Harrison – lead guitar, vocals The Les Stewart Quartet(22 February – 22 August 1959) Les Stewart – vocals, lead guitar Ken Brown – rhythm guitar George Harrison – rhythm guitar Geoff Skinner – drums The Quarrymen(22 August 1959 – 9 January 1960) John Lennon – vocals, rhythm guitar Paul McCartney – vocals, rhythm guitar George Harrison – lead guitar, vocals Ken Brown – rhythm guitar The Rainbows(29 August 1959) John Lennon – vocals, rhythm guitar Paul McCartney – vocals, rhythm guitar George Harrison – lead guitar, vocals The Quarrymen(9–21 January 1960) John Lennon – vocals, rhythm guitar Paul McCartney – vocals, rhythm guitar George Harrison – lead guitar, vocals The Quarrymen(21 January – Early Winter (January - March) 1960) John Lennon – vocals, rhythm guitar Paul McCartney – vocals, rhythm guitar George Harrison – lead guitar, vocals Stuart Sutcliffe – bass Los Paranoias (Early Winter 1960) John Lennon – vocals, rhythm guitar Paul McCartney – vocals, rhythm guitar George Harrison – lead guitar, vocals Stuart Sutcliffe – bass
Pete Best The Blackjacks(20 December 1959 – March 1960) Chas Newby – vocals, guitar Ken Brown – guitar Bill Barlow – guitar Pete Best – drums
Ringo Starr The Eddie Clayton Skiffle Group(1957 – Spring 1959) Eddie Clayton (Eddie Myles) – vocals, lead guitar Peter Healey – rhythm guitar Roy Trafford – tea chest bass, vocals John Dougherty/Micky McGrellis – washboard, vocals Ringo Starr – drums Richy Starkey's unnamed group(Spring 1959) Richy Starkey – drums Roy Trafford – guitar Jimmy Roughley – clarinet Johnny Mooney – trumpet unknown – tea chest bass Darktown(Spring–Summer 1959) Gladys Jill Martin – vocals Richy Starkey – drums other members unknown The Raving Texans(May – 11 November 1959) Alan Caldwell – vocals John Byrne – lead guitar Charles O'Brien – rhythm guitar Walter Eymond – bass, vocals Richy Starkey – drums Rory Storm and the Hurricanes (11 November 1959 – December 1961) "Rory Storm" (Alan Caldwell) – vocals "Johnny Guitar" (John Byrne) – lead guitar "Ty Brien" (Charles O'Brien) – rhythm guitar "Lu Walters" (Walter Eymond) – bass, vocals "Ringo Starr" (Richy Starkey) – drums, vocals Lu Walters(15 October 1960) Lu Walters – vocals, bass John Lennon – rhythm guitar Paul McCartney – rhythm guitar George Harrison – lead guitar Ringo Starr – drums Top Ten Club house band(December 1961 – March 1962) Tony Sheridan – vocals, guitar Roy Young – piano Colin Crawley – bass Ringo Starr – drums Rory Storm and the Hurricanes (March – 18 August 1962) Rory Storm – vocals Johnny Guitar – lead guitar Ty Brien – rhythm guitar Bobby Thompson – bass Ringo Starr – drums
The Beatles The Beatals(27 March – 10 May 1960) John Lennon – vocals, rhythm guitar Paul McCartney – vocals, rhythm guitar George Harrison – lead guitar, vocals Stuart Sutcliffe – bass The Nerk Twins(23–24 April 1960) John Lennon – vocals, guitar Paul McCartney – vocals, guitar Long John and the Silver Beetles(10–12 May 1960) John Lennon – vocals, rhythm guitar Paul McCartney – vocals, rhythm guitar George Harrison – lead guitar, vocals Stuart Sutcliffe – bass Tommy Moore – drums The Silver Beetles(13–20 May 1960) John Lennon – vocals, rhythm guitar Paul McCartney – vocals, rhythm guitar George Harrison – lead guitar, vocals Stuart Sutcliffe – bass Tommy Moore – drums Johnny Gentle and his group(20–28 May 1960) "Johnny Gentle" (John Askew) – vocals "Johnny Lennon" (John Lennon) – rhythm guitar "Paul Ramon" (Paul McCartney) – rhythm guitar "Carl Harrison" (George Harrison) – lead guitar "Stuart de Staël" (Stuart Sutcliffe) – bass "Thomas Moore" (Tommy Moore) – drums The Silver Beetles(31 May – 11 June 1960) John Lennon – vocals, rhythm guitar Paul McCartney – vocals, rhythm guitar George Harrison – lead guitar, vocals Stuart Sutcliffe – bass Tommy Moore – drums The Silver Beetles(June 1960) John Lennon – vocals, rhythm guitar Paul McCartney – vocals, rhythm guitar George Harrison – lead guitar, vocals Stuart Sutcliffe – bass Various guest drummers The Silver Beatles(June 1960) John Lennon – vocals, rhythm guitar Paul McCartney – vocals, rhythm guitar George Harrison – lead guitar, vocals Stuart Sutcliffe – bass Norman Chapman – drums The Silver Beatles(July – 12 August 1960) John Lennon – vocals, rhythm guitar Paul McCartney – drums George Harrison – lead guitar, vocals Stuart Sutcliffe – bass The Silver Beatles(12–17 August 1960) John Lennon – vocals, rhythm guitar Paul McCartney – vocals, rhythm guitar George Harrison – lead guitar, vocals Stuart Sutcliffe – bass, vocals Pete Best – drums The Beatles(17 August – 30 November 1960)Official name change to the Beatles. John Lennon – vocals, rhythm guitar Paul McCartney – vocals, rhythm guitar George Harrison – lead guitar, vocals Stuart Sutcliffe – bass, vocals Pete Best – drums Lu Walters(15 October 1960) Lu Walters – vocals, bass John Lennon – rhythm guitar Paul McCartney – rhythm guitar George Harrison – lead guitar Ringo Starr – drums The Beatles(November – November 21, 1960) John Lennon – vocals, rhythm guitar, harmonica Paul McCartney – vocals, rhythm guitar, piano, drums George Harrison – vocals, lead guitar Stuart Sutcliffe – bass, vocals Pete Best – drums, vocals Occasional guests Tony Sheridan – vocals, guitar (although not an official member, Sheridan played with the Beatles almost every night at many clubs) Fred Fascher – vocals Horst Fascher – vocals Ringo Starr – drums, percussion (occasional substitute) The Beatles(21 November 1960)Harrison gets deported. John Lennon – vocals, rhythm guitar Paul McCartney – vocals, lead guitar Stuart Sutcliffe – bass, vocals Pete Best – drums The Beatles(1 December 1960)McCartney and Best get deported. John Lennon – vocals, rhythm guitar Stuart Sutcliffe – bass, vocals The Beatles(1–16 December 1960) John Lennon – vocals, rhythm guitar Paul McCartney – vocals, rhythm guitar George Harrison – vocals, lead guitar Pete Best – drums The Beatles(17 December 1960 – January 1961) John Lennon – vocals, rhythm guitar Paul McCartney – vocals, rhythm guitar George Harrison – lead guitar, vocals Pete Best – drums Chas Newby – bass The Beatles(January 1961) John Lennon – vocals, rhythm guitar Paul McCartney – vocals, rhythm guitar George Harrison – lead guitar, vocals Pete Best – drums The Beatles(15 January – 1 April 1961) John Lennon – vocals, rhythm guitar Paul McCartney – vocals, rhythm guitar George Harrison – lead guitar, vocals Stuart Sutcliffe – bass, vocals Pete Best – drums The Beatles(1 April – 1 July 1961) John Lennon – vocals, rhythm guitar Paul McCartney – piano, vocals George Harrison – lead guitar, vocals Stuart Sutcliffe – bass, vocals Pete Best – drums Tony Sheridan – vocals, guitar (although not an official member, Sheridan played with the Beatles almost every night at the Top Ten Club) Tony Sheridan and the Beat Brothers(June 1961) Tony Sheridan – vocals, lead guitar John Lennon – rhythm guitar, vocals Paul McCartney – bass, vocals George Harrison – lead guitar Pete Best – drums The Beatles(2 July 1961 – 20 August 1961) John Lennon – vocals, rhythm guitar, harmonica Paul McCartney – vocals, bass George Harrison – vocals, lead guitar Pete Best – drums, vocals The Savage Young Beatles(20 August 1961 – 19 October 1961) John Lennon – piano Paul McCartney – rhythm guitar George Harrison – lead guitar Pete Best – drums The Beatmakers(19 October 1961) John Lennon – piano Paul McCartney – rhythm guitar George Harrison – lead guitar Pete Best – drums Gerry Marsden – vocals, lead guitar Fred Marsden – drums Les Chadwick – bass Les Maguire – saxophone The Beatles(20 October 1961 – 18 August 1962) John Lennon – vocals, rhythm guitar, harmonica Paul McCartney – vocals, bass, rhythm guitar, keyboards, drums George Harrison – lead guitar, vocals Pete Best – drums, vocals, percussion The Beatles(18 August 1962 – 2 June 1964) John Lennon – vocals, rhythm guitar, harmonica, keyboards, lead guitar, percussion Paul McCartney – vocals, bass, keyboards, rhythm guitar, percussion George Harrison – lead guitar, vocals, percussion Ringo Starr – drums, percussion, vocals The Beatles(3–13 June 1964)Starr is ill John Lennon – vocals, rhythm guitar Paul McCartney – vocals, bass