Merseburg () is a town in central Germany in southern Saxony-Anhalt, situated on the river Saale, and approximately 14 km south of Halle (Saale) and 30 km west of Leipzig. It is the capital of the Saalekreis district. It had a diocese founded by Archbishop Adalbert of Magdeburg. The University of Merseburg is located within the town. Merseburg has around 35,000 inhabitants.

Names

Geography

The town Merseburg consists of Merseburg proper and the following four Ortschaften or municipal divisions:Hauptsatzung der Stadt Merseburg, § 15, April 2019. Beuna (Geiseltal) Geusa Meuschau Trebnitz

Administrative reforms Venenien was incorporated into Merseburg on 1 January 1949. The parish Kötzschen followed on 1 July 1950.Gemeinden 1994 und ihre Veränderungen seit 01.01.1948 in den neuen Ländern, Verlag Metzler-Poeschel, Stuttgart, 1995, , Herausgeber: Statistisches Bundesamt Since 30 May 1994, Meuschau is part of Merseburg.Gebietsänderungen vom 01.01. bis 31.12.1994, Statistisches Bundesamt Trebnitz, previously part of Kreypau, followed in 2003.Gebietsänderungen vom 01.01. bis 31.12.2003, Statistisches Bundesamt Beuna was annexed on 1 January 2009.Gebietsänderungen am 01.01.2009, Statistisches Bundesamt Geusa is a part of Merseburg since 1 January 2010.Gebietsänderungen vom 01. Januar bis 31. Dezember 2010, Statistisches Bundesamt

History

Middle Ages Merseburg was first mentioned in 850. King Henry the Fowler built a royal palace at Merseburg; in the 933 Battle of Riade, he gained his great victory over the Hungarians in the vicinity.

Thietmar, appointed in 973, became the first bishop of the newly created bishopric of Prague in Bohemia. Prague had been part of the archbishopric of Mainz for a hundred years before that. From 968 until the Protestant Reformation, Merseburg was the seat of the Bishop of Merseburg, and in addition to being for a time the residence of the margraves of Meissen, it was a favorite residence of the German kings during the 10th, 11th and 12th centuries. Fifteen diets were held here during the Middle Ages, during which time its fairs enjoyed the importance which was afterwards transferred to those of Leipzig. After Ekkehard's treacherous death on 3 April 1002, Bolesław I Chrobry took Merseburg and Meissen, and then Milsko with Bautzen and Strehla, with the help of the local Slavic population. The German princes accepted the sovereignty of the Polish prince in these areas. Some historians believe that since the convention in Gniezno, the Brave might have had certain rights to the German throne after Otto III, guaranteed by some succession document. Merseburg was later the site of a failed assassination attempt on Polish ruler Bolesław I Chrobry in 1002. The town suffered severely during the German Peasants' War and also during the Thirty Years' War.

17th century to 20th century From 1657 to 1738 Merseburg was the residence of the Dukes of Saxe-Merseburg, after which it fell to the Electorate of Saxony. In 1815 following the Napoleonic Wars, the town became part of the Prussian Province of Saxony.

Merseburg is where the Merseburg Incantations were rediscovered in 1841. Written down in Old High German, they are hitherto the only preserved German documents with a heathen theme. One of them is a charm to release warriors caught during battle, and the other is a charm to heal a horse's sprained foot.

At the beginning of the 20th century, Merseburg was transformed into an industrial town, largely due to the pioneering work done by Carl Bosch and Friedrich Bergius, who laid down the scientific fundamentals of the catalytic high-pressure ammonia synthesis from 1909 to 1913. The nearby Leuna works continue this tradition of chemical industry. The Merseburger Tageblatt was published as a local newspaper in Merseburg.

Merseburg was badly damaged in World War II. In 23 air raids, 6,200 dwellings were completely or partly destroyed.Eckardt Götz (1980) Schicksale deutscher Baudenkmale im zweiten Weltkrieg, Band 2, p. 332, Henschelverlag, Berlin The historic town centre was almost completely destroyed.

Briefly part of Saxony-Anhalt after the war, it was then administered within the Bezirk Halle in East Germany. It became part of Saxony-Anhalt again after the reunification of Germany.

Demographics Like many towns in the former East Germany, Merseburg has had a general decline in population since German Reunification despite annexing and merging with a number of smaller nearby villages.

Population of Merseburg (from 1960, population on 31 December, unless otherwise indicated): 1834 to 1933 1834: 8,830 1875: 13,664 1880: 15,205 1890: 17,669 1925: 25,630 1933: 31,5761939 to 1984 1939: 38,058 1946: 33,978 1 1950: 38,441 2 1960: 47,199 1981: 50,932 1984: 48,3991990 to 2007 1990: 43,815 3 1995: 41,576 2000: 37,127 2005: 34,581 2006: 34,411 2007: 34,039 4from 2008 2008: 34,623 2009: 34,313 2010: 35,419 2012 33,520 2015 34,052 from 2016 2016 33,931 2017 34,197 2021: 34,785 2022: 35,815 Data source from 1990: Statistical Office of Saxony Anhalt 1 29 October 2 31 August 3 3 October 4 14 July 2008

Sights Among the notable buildings of Merseburg are the Merseburg Cathedral of St John the Baptist (founded 1015, rebuilt in the 13th and 16th centuries) and the episcopal palace (15th century). The cathedral-and-palace ensemble also features a palace garden.

Other sights include the Merseburg House of Trades with a cultural stage and the German Museum of Chemistry, Merseburg.

Arts and culture The Merseburg Palace Festival with the Historical Pageant, the International Palace-Moat Concerts, Merseburg Organ Days and the Puppet Show Festival Week are events celebrated every year.

Transport Merseburg station is located on the Halle–Bebra railway. Leipzig/Halle Airport is 25 kilometers away. Merseburg is connected with the Halle (Saale) tramway network. A tram ride from Halle's city centre to Merseburg takes about 50 minutes.

Twin towns – sister cities

Merseburg is twinned with: Châtillon, France Genzano di Roma, Italy Bottrop, Germany

Notable people

Thietmar of Merseburg (975–1018), bishop and chronist Menahem of Merseburg (first half of 15th century), rabbi and author Johannes Knolleisen (1450–1513), theological professor Szymon Bogumił Zug (1733–1807), Polish-German architect and designer of gardens Karl Adolph von Basedow (1799–1854), physician Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919), biologist, philosopher, physician Lucian Müller (1836–1898), classical scholar Oskar Herrfurth (1862-1934), painter and illustrator Elisabeth Schumann (1888–1952), operatic soprano Klaus Tennstedt (1926–1998), conductor Uwe Nolte (born 1969), poet, musician and graphic artist Jawed Karim (born 1979), American software engineer, YouTube co-founder, creator of the first video uploaded to YouTube "Me at the zoo" Dave Grunewald (born 1986), metalcore singer for Annisokay (2011-2019), fitness expert, and podcaster

References

External links