The under secretary of defense for personnel and readiness, or USD (P&R) is a high-ranking civilian position in the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) within the United States Department of Defense responsible for advising the secretary and deputy secretary of defense on recruitment, career development, pay and benefits, and oversight of the state of military readiness. The under secretary is appointed from civilian life by the president and confirmed by the Senate to serve at the pleasure of the President.
Additionally, the under secretary exercises day-to-day supervision of the Department of Defense Education Activity and the Defense Commissary Agency.
Overview The Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness (OUSD(P&R)) is the principal staff element for the Department of Defense for all human resources, human capital development, and personnel logistics matters. The USD(P&R) has oversight of the Defense Commissary Agency, Department of Defense Education Activity, Defense Human Resources Activity, the Military Health System, and the Defense Travel Management Office. The USD(P&R) is also responsible for training, health affairs, National Guard and Reserve affairs, personnel requirements for weapons support, and military and civilian family matters, subject to the authority of the Secretary of Defense. Through the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Military Personnel Policy, the United States Military Entrance Processing Command also reports to the Under Secretary.defense.gov accessed June 2010
With the rank of Under Secretary, the USD(P&R) is a Level III position within the Executive Schedule. Since January 2010, the annual rate of pay for Level III is $165,300.
History The position was first mandated by the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1994 (P.L. 103-160), signed by President Clinton on 30 November 1993. Defense Directive 5124.2, passed 17 March 1994, officially established the position, incorporating the functions of the Assistant Secretary of Defense(Force Management and Personnel) and authorizing authority over the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs and the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs. Since the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2000 was signed on 5 October 1999, the Under Secretary has been responsible for establishing standards on deployment of units away from assigned duty stations, the length of time they may be away for a deployment away from assigned duty stations, and for establishing systems for reporting tracking deployments.
When created in 1993, the USD(P&R) assumed authority primarily over three DoD offices: the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs, Assistant Secretary of Defense for Manpower and Reserve Affairs, and Assistant Secretary of Defense for Readiness and Force Management. The ASD(FMP) has since been abolished, its responsibilities assumed by other officials reporting to the USD(P&R).
Reporting officials Officials reporting to the USD (P&R) include: Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness Military Deputy to the Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness Director, Office of Diversity Management and Equal Opportunity Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute Director, Defense Suicide Prevention Office Director, Personnel Risk Reduction Office Assistant Secretary of Defense for Readiness Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs Military Health System Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Wounded Warrior Care & Transition Policy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Manpower and Reserve Affairs Director, Defense Commissary Agency Director, Department of Defense Education Activity Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Civilian Personnel Policy Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Military Personnel Policy Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Military Community and Family Policy Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Readiness Director, Office of Total Force Planning & Requirements Director, Transition to Veterans Program Office Director, Defense Human Resources Activity Director, DoD/VA Collaboration Office
Budget
Budget totals The annual budget for the USD (P&R) is contained in the Office of the Secretary of Defense's (OSD) budget, under the Defense-Wide Operation and Maintenance (O&M) account.
+USD Personnel and Readiness Budget, FY 10-12 ($ in thousands) Line Item FY10 Actual FY11 Estimate FY12 Request Core OSD Operating ProgramFiscal Year (FY) 2012 Budget Estimates, Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD), p.664 Civilian Pay and Benefits, USD (P&R) 23,688 35,457 24,816 Program StructureFiscal Year (FY) 2012 Budget Estimates, Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD), p.697-707 Contracts and other Support Services 1,000 1,007 995 Advancing Diversity and Equal Opportunity Program 8,500 8,925 9,667 Assistant Secretary of Defense (Health Affairs) 2,219 2,393 1,131 Assistant Secretary of Defense (Reserve Affairs) 2,364 2,691 2,018 Combatant Commander's Exercise 688,632 760,837 766,450 Defense Safety Oversight Council 10,692 12,615 12,550 Defense Readiness Reporting System 13,354 6,900 3,882 Lost Work Days System 3,230 3,060 3,032 Military Personnel Policy Naturalization Support 5,799 6,345 6,463 Military Spouse Intern Program 0 17,500 16,689 Studies Program 0 2,820 2,792 Training Transformation 6,563 6,035 5,112 Wounded Warrior Care and Transition Policy 43,664 79,412 77,623 Travel 1,338 1,402 817 Overseas Contingency OperationsFiscal Year (FY) 2012 Budget Estimates, Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD), p.714 OCO OUSD (Intel) 2,064 0 0 Totals Total Budget 813,107 947,399 934,037
Budget features Contracts and other Support Services - Funds contracts and other support services for mission requirements, including Intergovernmental Personnel Act requirements Advancing Diversity and Equal Opportunity Program - Funding to increase the number of people with targeted disabilities in the federal civilian workforce to support the DoD goal of two percent DoD-wide, emphasizing the benefit for wounded service members Assistant Secretary of Defense (Health Affairs) - ASD (HA) is the principal medical staff advisor to the Secretary of Defense and principal program manager for all DoD health matters to include medical readiness, health care delivery, preventive medicine, medical military construction, and the procurement, development, training and retention of medical military and civilian personnel Assistant Secretary of Defense (Reserve Affairs) - Funds managed by ASD (RA) are utilized to conduct valuable research and analysis for specific topics and issues that arise related to the National Guard and military Reserve components Combatant Commander's Exercise Engagement and Training Transformation (CE2T2) - The program was established as a result of direction from the Quadrennial Defense Review that re-aligned and consolidated joint training programs and applies resulting efficiencies against new mission areas and existing joint training shortfalls Defense Safety Oversight Council (DSOC) - Supports safety initiatives to reduce and prevent injuries to Defense Department personnel Defense Readiness Reporting System (DRRS) - Allows for quick analysis of force capability issues, effective program oversight, operator training, and data maintenance Lost Work Days System - Lost Work Days aims to increase operational readiness by providing data and analysis to eliminate preventable mishaps Military Personnel Policy (MPP) Naturalization Support - Funding to pay U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services in the United States Department of Homeland Security to not charge fees to military members applying for naturalization to become US citizens Military Spouse Intern Program - Assists eligible spouses of active duty military in obtaining positions in federal agencies by paying the spouses' salary and benefits for the first year of employment Studies Program - The Department contracts for assistance in facilitating studies that improve the overall operation and efficiency of the OUSD(P&R) and the programs over which it exercises oversight Training Transformation - Provides oversight of the Department's Joint training effort Wounded Warrior Care and Transition Policy (WWCTP) - Funds WWCTP operations that provide OSD-level oversight of the development and implementation of comprehensive disability, non-medical care and case management, and transition programs, policies and standards Department-wide Travel - Funds employee travel to support USD(P&R) mission
Office holders
+ Under Secretaries of Defense (Personnel and Readiness) No. Portrait Name Tenure Secretary(ies) of Defense Served Under President(s) Served Under 1 Edwin Dorn 16 March 1994 – 7 July 1997 William Perry Bill Clinton William Cohen 2 Rudy de Leon 5 August 1997 – 31 March 2000 - Charles Cragin (acting) 31 March 2000 – 23 May 2000 3 Bernard D. Rostker 23 May 2000 – 19 January 2001 - Charles Cragin (acting) 20 January 2001 – 31 May 2001 Donald Rumsfeld George W. Bush 4 David S. C. Chu 1 June 2001 – 20 January 2009 Robert Gates - Gail H. McGinn (acting) 21 January 2009 – 8 February 2010 Barack Obama 5 Clifford Stanley 9 February 2010 – 27 October 2011 Leon Panetta - Jo Ann Rooney (acting) 27 October 2011 – 8 June 2012 6 Erin C. Conaton 8 June 2012 – 31 December 2012 7 Jessica Wright 1 January 2013 – 31 March 2015 Chuck Hagel Ash Carter - Brad Carson (acting) 2 April 2015 – 8 April 2016 - Peter Levine (acting) 8 April 2016 – 20 January 2017 - Anthony Kurta (acting) 20 January 2017 – 30 November 2017 Jim Mattis Donald Trump 8 Robert Wilkie 30 November 2017 – 30 July 2018 - Stephanie Barna (acting) 30 July 2018 – 22 October 2018 - James N. Stewart (acting) 22 October 2018 – 13 December 2019 Mark Esper - Matthew Donovan (acting) 13 December 2019 – 3 March 2020 - Alexis Lasselle Ross (acting) 3 March 2020 – 23 March 2020 9 Matthew Donovan 23 March 2020 – 20 January 2021 - Virginia S. Penrod (acting) 20 January 2021 – 24 August 2021 Lloyd Austin Joe Biden 10 Gil Cisneros 24 August 2021 – 8 September 2023 - Ashish Vazirani (acting) 8 September 2023 – 20 January 2025 - Darin Selnick (acting) 20 January 2025 – 17 March 2025 Pete Hegseth Donald Trump - Jules W. Hurst III (acting) 17 March 2025 – 18 July 2025 11 Anthony Tata 18 July 2025 – Present
Principal Deputy The Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness (PDUSD(P&R)) is the Under Secretary's chief staff assistant. PDUSD (P&R) is delegated full power and authority to act for the USD(P&R) and exercise the powers of the USD(P&R) on any and all matters that the USD(P&R) is authorized to act, except in those areas where delegation of the USD(P&R) authority is otherwise restricted by higher authority or prohibited by law.
Established as the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Personnel and Readiness) by the National Defense Authorization Act for FY 2002 (P.L. 107-107), the post took over the duties of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Force Management Policy, which was then abolished. The DUSD(P&R) was re-designated Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Personnel and Readiness), or PDUSD(P&R) in July 2003 by DoD Directive 5124.8. As of 2012, the position again holds the rank of Principal Deputy Under Secretary.