mini|Der im 8. Jahrhundert erbaute Ribat von Sousse in Tunesien wurde von den byzantinischen Festungsbauten inspiriert; der Turm diente als Minarett für die Garnisonssoldaten

Die Liste von byzantinischen Festungen im Maghreb verzeichnet Fotos der zwischen 533 und 698 errichteten Festungen auf dem Territorium des Byzantinischen Reiches im Maghreb. Sie dienten zum einen der Befriedung der Berber innerhalb des Reiches und zum anderen der Abwehr äußerer Feinde.

Hintergrund Die seit 439 im Kernland der vormals weströmischen Dioecesis Africae herrschenden Vandalen hatten erhebliche Schwierigkeiten, die Landesgrenzen gegen die Berber zu verteidigen beziehungsweise die unter vandalischer Herrschaft stehenden Berber unter Kontrolle zu halten,Denys Pringle: The Defence of Byzantine Africa from Justinian to the Arab Conquest. British Archaeological Reports, Oxford 1981, ISBN 0-86054-119-3 (Nachdruck 2001), S. 97. was Großgrundbesitzer und auch Kleinbauern dazu veranlasste, ihre Höfe zu befestigen.vgl. Averil Cameron: Vandal and Byzantine Africa in: Averil Cameron, Bryan Ward-Perkins, Michael Whitby (Hrsg.): The Cambridge Ancient History. Band 14: Late Antiquity. Empire and Successors. AD 425–600. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2000, ISBN 0-521-32591-9, S. 556. Nach der oströmischen Rückeroberung der im 5. Jahrhundert durch die Vandalen eroberten Gebiete und erneuten Unterwerfung von im gleichen Zeitraum etablierten römisch-berberischen Kleinstaaten wurden dort diverse Festungen sowohl an der GrenzeDenys Pringle: The Defence of Byzantine Africa from Justinian to the Arab Conquest. British Archaeological Reports, Oxford 1981, ISBN 0-86054-119-3 (Nachdruck 2001), S. 28 f. als auch innerhalb des oströmisch beherrschten Gebietes angelegt.Susan Raven: Rome in Africa. 3. Auflage, Routledge, London u. a. 1993, ISBN 0-415-08150-5, S. 214 f.; vgl. auch Gabriele Crespi: Die Araber in Europa. Sonderausgabe, Belser, Stuttgart 1992, ISBN 3-7630-1730-5, S. 27 zu den Gründen. Zum Teil wurden auch kleinere römische Forts instand gesetzt.

Wesensmerkmale Der Bau der Festungen erfolgte im Wesentlichen in der zweiten Amtszeit des Prätorianerpräfekten Solomon 539 bis 544, wobei als Baumaterial häufig die Substanz älterer römischer Bauwerke benutzt wurde. Die meisten der Festungen sind deutlich kleiner als ihre römischen Vorgänger und meistens als Forts zu klassifizieren. Viele dieser Festungen wurden anschließend durch die Araber und Osmanen weiter genutzt und umgebaut. In Teilen dienten sie sogar als stilistische Vorlage für den Bau eigener Festungen. Zudem wurde Baumaterial byzantinischer Bauwerke für den Bau etlicher arabischer Festungen verwendet, wie zum Beispiel das Fort Sidi Salem Bou Ghara bei der römischen Stadt Gigthis.D. Pringle: The Defence of Byzantine Africa from Justinian to the Arab Conquest, Oxford 1981, S. 295. Die Identifikation einer Festung im Maghreb als byzantinisch wird hierdurch in erheblichem Maße erschwert.

Übersicht [

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