Die OECD-Richtlinien zur Prüfung von Chemikalien sind von der OECD entwickelte Prüfmethoden, die der Ermittlung und Charakterisierung potentieller Gefahrenquellen dienen, die von Chemikalien ausgehen. Sie werden von Regulierungsbehörden und Prüflaboren zur Registrierung, Bewertung, Zulassung und Beschränkung von bekannten und neu entwickelten Chemikalien eingesetzt. OECD-Mitgliedstaaten setzen die Richtlinien in nationales Recht um. In der Europäischen Union basiert die REACH-Verordnung auf den OECD-Richtlinien. Die OECD-Richtlinien werden bei Bedarf an den Stand der Technik angepasst.
Bereiche Die OECD-Richtlinien sind in fünf Bereiche unterteilt:
1: Physikochemische Eigenschaften 2: Auswirkungen auf biologische Systeme 3: Abbau und Anreicherung 4: Auswirkungen auf die Gesundheit 5: Übrige Richtlinien
Die Richtlinien haben dreistellige Nummern, wovon sich die erste Stelle auf den Bereich bezieht. Bei einigen ist am Ende zusätzlich ein Buchstabe angegeben.
1: Physikochemische Eigenschaften NummerTitel (engl.)101 UV-VIS Absorption Spectra102 Melting Point/Melting Range103 Boiling Point104 Vapour Pressure105 Water Solubility106 Adsorption – Desorption Using a Batch Equilibrium Method107 Partition Coefficient (n-octanol/water): Shake Flask Method108 Complex Formation Ability in Water109 Density of Liquids and Solids110 Particle Size Distribution / Fibre Length and Diameter Distributions111 Hydrolysis as a Function of pH112 Dissociation Constants in Water113 Screening Test for Thermal Stability and Stability in Air114 Viscosity of Liquids115 Surface Tension of Aqueous Solutions116 Fat Solubility of Solid and Liquid Substances117 Partition Coefficient (n-octanol/water), HPLC Method118 Determination of the Number-Average Molecular Weight and the Molecular Weight Distribution of Polymers using Gel Permeation Chromatography119 Determination of the Low Molecular Weight Content of a Polymer Using Gel Permeation Chromatography120 Solution/Extraction Behaviour of Polymers in Water121 Estimation of the Adsorption Coefficient (KOC) on Soil and on Sewage Sludge using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)122 Determination of pH, Acidity and Alkalinity123 Partition Coefficient (1-Octanol/Water): Slow-Stirring Method
2: Auswirkungen auf biologische Systeme NummerTitel (engl.)201 Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test202 Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test203 Fish, Acute Toxicity Test204 Fish, Prolonged Toxicity Test: 14-Day Study205 Avian Dietary Toxicity Test206 Avian Reproduction Test207 Earthworm, Acute Toxicity Tests208 Terrestrial Plant Test: Seedling Emergence and Seedling Growth Test209 Activated Sludge, Respiration Inhibition Test (Carbon and Ammonium Oxidation)210 Fish, Early-life Stage Toxicity Test211 Daphnia magna Reproduction Test212 Fish, Short-term Toxicity Test on Embryo and Sac-Fry Stages213 Honeybees, Acute Oral Toxicity Test214 Honeybees, Acute Contact Toxicity Test215 Fish, Juvenile Growth Test216 Soil Microorganisms: Nitrogen Transformation Test217 Soil Microorganisms: Carbon Transformation Test218 Sediment-Water Chironomid Toxicity Using Spiked Sediment219 Sediment-Water Chironomid Toxicity Using Spiked Water220 Enchytraeid Reproduction Test221 Lemna sp. Growth Inhibition Test222 Earthworm Reproduction Test (Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei)223 Avian Acute Oral Toxicity Test224 Determination of the Inhibition of the Activity of Anaerobic Bacteria225 Sediment-Water Lumbriculus Toxicity Test Using Spiked Sediment226 Predatory mite (Hypoaspis aculeifer) reproduction test in soil227 Terrestrial Plant Test: Vegetative Vigour Test228 Determination of Developmental Toxicity of a Test Chemical to Dipteran Dung Flies (Scathophaga stercoraria L. (Scathophagidae), Musca autumnalis De Geer (Muscidae))229 Fish Short Term Reproduction Assay230 21-day Fish Assay231 Amphibian Metamorphosis Assay232 Collembolan Reproduction Test in Soil233 Sediment-Water Chironomid Life-Cycle Toxicity Test Using Spiked Water or Spiked Sediment234 Fish Sexual Development Test235 Chironomus sp., Acute Immobilisation Test236 Fish Embryo Acute Toxicity (FET) Test237 Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Larval Toxicity Test, Single Exposure238 Sediment-Free Myriophyllum spicatum Toxicity Test239 Water-Sediment Myriophyllum spicatum Toxicity Test240 Medaka Extended One Generation Reproduction Test (MEOGRT)241 The Larval Amphibian Growth and Development Assay (LAGDA)242Potamopyrgus antipodarum Reproduction Test243Lymnaea stagnalis Reproduction Test244Protozoan Activated Sludge Inhibition Test245Honey Bee (Apis mellifera L.), Chronic Oral Toxicity Test (10-Day Feeding)246Bumblebee, Acute Contact Toxicity Test247Bumblebee, Acute Oral Toxicity Test248Xenopus Eleutheroembryonic Thyroid Assay (XETA)249Fish Cell Line Acute Toxicity – The RTgill-W1 cell line assay250EASZY assay – Detection of Endocrine Active Substances, acting through estrogen receptors, using transgenic tg(cyp19a1b:GFP) Zebrafish embrYos
3: Abbau und Anreicherung NummerTitel (engl.)301 Ready Biodegradability302A Inherent Biodegradability: Modified SCAS Test302B Inherent Biodegradability: Zahn-Wellens / EVPA Test302C Inherent Biodegradability: Modified MITI Test (II)303 Simulation Test – Aerobic Sewage Treatment – A: Activated Sludge Units; B: Biofilms304A Inherent Biodegradability in Soil305 Bioaccumulation in Fish: Aqueous and Dietary Exposure306 Biodegradability in Seawater307 Aerobic and Anaerobic Transformation in Soil308 Aerobic and Anaerobic Transformation in Aquatic Sediment Systems309 Aerobic Mineralisation in Surface Water – Simulation Biodegradation Test310 Ready Biodegradability – CO2 in sealed vessels (Headspace Test)311 Anaerobic Biodegradability of Organic Compounds in Digested Sludge: by Measurement of Gas Production312 Leaching in Soil Columns313 Estimation of Emissions from Preservative – Treated Wood to the Environment314 Simulation Tests to Assess the Biodegradability of Chemicals Discharged in Wastewater315 Bioaccumulation in Sediment-dwelling Benthic Oligochaetes316 Phototransformation of Chemicals in Water – Direct Photolysis317 Bioaccumulation in Terrestrial Oligochaetes318Dispersion Stability of Nanomaterials in Simulated Environmental Media319ADetermination of in vitro intrinsic clearance using cryopreserved rainbow trout hepatocytes (RT-HEP)319BDetermination of in vitro intrinsic clearance using rainbow trout liver S9 sub-cellular fraction (RT-S9)
4: Auswirkungen auf die Gesundheit NummerTitel (engl.)401 Acute Oral Toxicity402 Acute Dermal Toxicity403 Acute Inhalation Toxicity404 Acute Dermal Irritation/Corrosion405 Acute Eye Irritation/Corrosion406 Skin Sensitisation407 Repeated Dose 28-day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents408 Repeated Dose 90-Day Oral Toxicity Study in Rodents409 Repeated Dose 90-Day Oral Toxicity Study in Non-Rodents410 Repeated Dose Dermal Toxicity: 21/28-day Study411 Subchronic Dermal Toxicity: 90-day Study412 Subacute Inhalation Toxicity: 28-Day Study413 Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity: 90-day Study414 Prenatal Development Toxicity Study415 One-Generation Reproduction Toxicity Study416 Two-Generation Reproduction Toxicity417 Toxicokinetics418 Delayed Neurotoxicity of Organophosphorus Substances Following Acute Exposure419 Delayed Neurotoxicity of Organophosphorus Substances: 28-day Repeated Dose Study420 Acute Oral Toxicity – Fixed Dose Procedure421 Reproduction/Developmental Toxicity Screening Test422 Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction/Developmental Toxicity Screening Test423 Acute Oral toxicity – Acute Toxic Class Method424 Neurotoxicity Study in Rodents425 Acute Oral Toxicity: Up-and-Down Procedure426 Developmental Neurotoxicity Study427 Skin Absorption: In Vivo Method428 Skin Absorption: In Vitro Method429 Skin Sensitisation430 In Vitro Skin Corrosion: Transcutaneous Electrical Resistance Test Method (TER)431 In Vitro Skin Corrosion: Reconstructed Human Epidermis (RHE) Test Method432 In Vitro 3T3 NRU Phototoxicity Test435 In Vitro Membrane Barrier Test Method for Skin Corrosion436 Acute Inhalation Toxicity – Acute Toxic Class Method437 Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Test Method for Identifying i) Chemicals Inducing Serious Eye Damage and ii) Chemicals Not Requiring Classification for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage438 Isolated Chicken Eye Test Method for Identifying i) Chemicals Inducing Serious Eye Damage and ii) Chemicals Not Requiring Classification for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage439 In Vitro Skin Irritation: Reconstructed Human Epidermis Test Method440 Uterotrophic Bioassay in Rodents441 Hershberger Bioassay in Rats442A Skin Sensitization442B Skin Sensitization442C In Chemico Skin Sensitisation442D In Vitro Skin Sensitisation443 Extended One-Generation Reproductive Toxicity Study451 Carcinogenicity Studies452 Chronic Toxicity Studies453 Combined Chronic Toxicity/Carcinogenicity Studies455 Performance-Based Test Guideline for Stably Transfected Transactivation In Vitro Assays to Detect Estrogen Receptor Agonists and Antagonists456 H295R Steroidogenesis Assay457 BG1Luc Estrogen Receptor Transactivation Test Method for Identifying Estrogen Receptor Agonists and Antagonists460 Fluorescein Leakage Test Method for Identifying Ocular Corrosives and Severe Irritants471 Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test473 In Vitro Mammalian Chromosomal Aberration Test474 Mammalian Erythrocyte Micronucleus Test475 Mammalian Bone Marrow Chromosomal Aberration Test476 In Vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Mutation Tests using the Hprt and xprt genes477 Genetic Toxicology: Sex-Linked Recessive Lethal Test in Drosophila melanogaster478 Rodent Dominant Lethal Test479 Genetic Toxicology: In vitro Sister Chromatid Exchange Assay in Mammalian Cells480 Genetic Toxicology: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Gene Mutation Assay481 Genetic Toxicology: Saacharomyces cerevisiae, Miotic Recombination Assay482 Genetic Toxicology: DNA Damage and Repair, Unscheduled DNA Synthesis in Mammalian Cells in vitro483 Mammalian Spermatogonial Chromosomal Aberration Test484 Genetic Toxicology: Mouse Spot Test485 Genetic toxicology, Mouse Heritable Translocation Assay486 Unscheduled DNA Synthesis (UDS) Test with Mammalian Liver Cells in vivo487 In Vitro Mammalian Cell Micronucleus Test488 Transgenic Rodent Somatic and Germ Cell Gene Mutation Assays489 In Vivo Mammalian Alkaline Comet Assay490 In Vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Mutation Tests Using the Thymidine Kinase Gene491 Short Time Exposure In Vitro Test Method for Identifying i) Chemicals Inducing Serious Eye Damage and ii) Chemicals Not Requiring Classification for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage492 Reconstructed human Cornea-like Epithelium (RhCE) test method for identifying chemicals not requiring classification and labelling for eye irritation or serious eye damage493 Performance-Based Test Guideline for Human Recombinant Estrogen Receptor (hrER) In Vitro Assays to Detect Chemicals with ER Binding Affinity494Vitrigel-Eye Irritancy Test Method for Identifying Chemicals Not Requiring Classification and Labelling for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage495Ros (Reactive Oxygen Species) Assay for Photoreactivity496In vitro Macromolecular Test Method for Identifying Chemicals Inducing Serious Eye Damage and Chemicals Not Requiring Classification for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage497Defined Approaches on Skin Sensitisation498In vitro Phototoxicity – Reconstructed Human Epidermis Phototoxicity test method
5: Übrige Richtlinien NummerTitel (engl.)501 Metabolism in Crops502 Metabolism in Rotational Crops503 Metabolism in Livestock504 Residues in Rotational Crops (Limited Field Studies)505 Residues in Livestock506 Stability of Pesticide Residues in Stored Commodities507 Nature of the Pesticide Residues in Processed Commodities – High Temperature Hydrolysis508 Magnitude of the Pesticide Residues in Processed Commodities509 Crop Field Trial
Quellen OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals
Kategorie:Chemikalienrecht